International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology
International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology is an International Open Access, Peer-reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Online Journal that aims to facilitate the dissemination of high-quality scientific research across various fields of modern science and technology. With a commitment to fostering innovation and advancing knowledge, the journal provides a platform for researchers, scholars, and scientists to share their findings and insights with the global scientific community. ISSN: 2583-7605 (Online) Subject Category: Multidisciplinary Journal Type: International Open Access, Peer-reviewed, Refereed Journal Issue Frequency: Monthly Criteria for Manuscript Submitted manuscripts must be Plagiarism free (Less than 10%). Submitted manuscripts must not contain more than 20% AI-generated content. Manuscript must be original and should not have been published previously anywhere. The writing must be clear, concise and unambiguous. The data should be valid. The discussions and conclusions drawn by the authors must be reasonable and supportable. The information must be relevant and interesting to area of research. For any query or submission, E-mail: editor@ijsrmst.com Mobile: 9415093911 (WhatsApp Only)
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Quality and Productivity of Academic Research
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in contemporary academic research by redefining the processes of knowledge generation, data analysis, scholarly communication, and research dissemination. The integration of AI technologies into academic ecosystems has significantly enhanced research quality, efficiency, innovation, and productivity across disciplines. AI-driven tools facilitate literature review, predictive analytics, automated data processing, plagiarism detection, language enhancement, citation management, and intelligent decision-making, thereby enabling researchers to perform complex scholarly tasks with greater precision and speed. The present article critically examines the role of Artificial Intelligence in improving the quality and productivity of academic research. It explores the conceptual foundations of AI, major AI applications in research methodology, benefits and challenges associated with AI integration, ethical considerations, and future implications for global higher education and knowledge production systems. The study highlights that AI not only accelerates research processes but also promotes interdisciplinary collaboration, research accessibility, and evidence-based innovation. However, concerns related to algorithmic bias, data privacy, academic integrity, and overdependence on automated systems require careful governance and ethical regulation. The article concludes that responsible and strategic integration of AI can revolutionize academic research by fostering intellectual advancement, research excellence, and sustainable knowledge societies. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Academic Research, Research Productivity, Research Quality, Higher Education, Machine Learning, Data Analytics, Research Innovation
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Orunodoi Scheme and Its Role in Enhancing Women Empowerment and Household Welfare: A Study in Barpeta District of Assam
The present study, titled “The Orunodoi Scheme and Its Role in Enhancing Women Empowerment and Households Welfare: A Study in Barpeta District of Assam”, aims to examine the effectiveness of the Orunodoi Scheme in improving the socio-economic condition of women and their families. The Orunodoi Scheme, launched by the Govt. of Assam, provides monthly financial assistance to economically weaker households with women designated as the primary beneficiaries. The scheme seeks to promote financial inclusion, enhance women’s decision-making power and improve overall household welfare. This study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through field surveys and structured questionnaires administered to selected beneficiaries in Barpeta District, while secondary data were gathered from government reports and official website. A descriptive and analytical research design is adopted to assess the scheme's impact. The present study examines the effectiveness of the Orunodoi Scheme by govt of Assam. The scheme provides financial assistance to economically weaker families, with women as primary beneficiaries. The study focuses on key areas such as women’s financial independence, participation in household decision-making and changes in living standards, including expenditure on food, health and education. It also identifies the challenges beneficiaries face in accessing and utilising the scheme's benefits. The findings of the study are expected to reveal that the Orunodoi Scheme has contributed positively towards women's empowerment and improvement in household welfare, although certain implementation challenges may still exist. The study will provide valuable insight for policymakers and contribute to the improvement of the welfare scheme in Assam.
Orunodoi Scheme, women’s Empowerment, Household Welfare, Financial Inclusion
Supply Chain Management’s role in Electric Vehicle Industry in Cost Reduction and Improvement of the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Ecosystem
There is a need to improvement of the value of the firm and the operations carried out through the supply chain process of any firm or business. There are several studies that have established that the logistics of the goods and services and supply chain management have huge scope in improving the financial results for the company. The intent of this study is to understand the factors affecting the supply chain management and improve the financial performance of the firm by implementing these strategies such as dedicated management staff, implementation of information technology in accounting and timely receipt of payments to reduce the accounts receivables and reconciliation activities, working capital management and improving cash to cash payments for improvement of the net present value. The paper studies all the available research and then summarizes the available options with a firm for improvement of the value of the firm and value of the operations. Keywords: electric vehicles technology, electric vehicles charging infrastructure, supply chain.
Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Network-Based Co-Resistance Analysis Across Six Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens: Hub Gene Identification, Horizontal Gene Transfer Potential, and Multi-Criteria Drug Target Prioritisation
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an escalating global health threat, with foodborne pathogens serving as critical vectors for multi-drug resistance (MDR) dissemination across the One Health continuum. Although individual resistance mechanisms have been extensively characterised, the systems-level architecture of cross-species AMR gene co-occurrence networks remains poorly defined. Methods: A binary presence/absence matrix of 47 AMR genes spanning 11 drug classes was assembled from six priority foodborne pathogens that include Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus based on a comprehensive primary literature synthesis. Jaccard similarity-based co-occurrence statistics with Bonferroni correction were applied to construct an undirected co-resistance network. Network topology metrics (degree, betweenness, closeness, and eigenvector centrality; composite hub score) were computed alongside pairwise horizontal gene transfer (HGT) potential scores. A four-component weighted algorithm incorporating hub score, pathogen breadth, chromosomal stability, and essentiality was applied for drug target prioritisation. Results: The network comprised 47 nodes and 205 statistically significant co-occurrence edges (density = 0.190; average clustering coefficient = 0.727). Three hub genes aac6_ib_cr, acrAB, and blaSHV achieved maximal hub scores (0.238 each). The E. coli–S. enterica dyad exhibited the highest inter-species HGT potential (score = 0.692), sharing 18 mobile AMR genes including colistin resistance determinants (mcr1, mcr4) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Drug target prioritisation ranked topoisomerase subunits parC and parE highest (composite score = 0.590), followed by gyrA (0.562), gyrB (0.557), and the efflux pump regulator acrAB (0.547). Conclusion: Network-based AMR analysis identifies discrete hub genes and critical inter-species HGT axes that are obscured by species-centric approaches. The E. coli–S. enterica axis warrants priority One Health surveillance, and efflux pump inhibition combined with novel-binding-mode topoisomerase inhibitor development represents a network-informed therapeutic strategy with broad cross-pathogen applicability. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; co-resistance network; horizontal gene transfer; foodborne pathogens; drug target prioritisation; One Health; multi-drug resistance; network biology
In Silico Elucidation of Direct Versus Indirect Pesticide Inhibition of Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms: A Genome Vulnerability and Network Exposure Analysis
Ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs) — comprising ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) — catalyse the rate-limiting first step of nitrification and are the most consistently affected soil microbial indicators of pesticide exposure, as established by the landmark meta-analysis of Swaine et al. (2025). Despite this empirical foundation, the mechanistic basis of differential AOM sensitivity — whether inhibition operates via direct genomic targeting of AOM metabolic machinery or through indirect, network-mediated pathways — has remained unresolved. This study addresses that gap through a three-module, fully in silico computational pipeline applied to ten environmentally relevant pesticides across eight AOM genomes. Module 1 employed protein BLAST and profile Hidden Markov Model (HMM) analysis to quantify sequence-level similarity between pesticide target genes and AOM genomic content, yielding composite homology scores across four Nitrososphaera (AOA) and four Nitrosomonas (AOB) genomes. Module 2 integrated homology data with KEGG pathway essentiality weighting and predicted binding affinity corrections to compute a Genome Vulnerability Score (GVS; range 0–1) reflecting direct inhibition potential. Module 3 constructed a soil co-occurrence network from SparCC-derived correlations in tebuconazole-treated soil, enabling calculation of an Indirect Exposure Score (IES) representing network-propagated inhibitory pressure on AOM. Integration of GVS and IES into a Combined Risk Score (CRS) and a mechanistic classification framework identified twenty high-priority pesticide × AOM combinations. The highest-risk pairings were glyphosate–AOB (CRS = 0.830; dual direct and indirect mechanisms) and tebuconazole–AOB (CRS = 0.771; dual mechanisms). Critically, tebuconazole–AOA exhibited the maximum dataset IES value (1.000) paired with a low GVS (0.219), providing the first quantitative computational evidence that tebuconazole inhibits archaeal ammonia oxidation via indirect, network-mediated pathways rather than direct genomic binding — thereby resolving the central mechanistic paradox identified in Swaine et al. (2025). Trifloxystrobin was identified as a potential direct AOA inhibitor (GVS_norm = 0.69), while insecticides generated near-zero scores across all AOM combinations. Regulatory implications include mandatory amoA qPCR monitoring and PECsoil re-evaluation for compounds with CRS > 0.55.
ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms; Genome Vulnerability Score; Indirect Exposure Score; tebuconazole; soil co-occurrence networks; pesticide ecotoxicology; nitrification inhibition
Integrating Sustainability into Rural Innovations: A Review of Environmental and Economic Perspectives in Eastern India
The purpose of this research study is to investigate the junction between rural innovations and sustainability, with a particular emphasis on the socio-economic and environmental settings of Eastern India. The major purpose is to conduct an analysis of the difficulties and possibilities that are connected with expanding rural innovations while simultaneously ensuring that these advances are in line with sustainability objectives. The technique utilised in this work is a review-based approach, and it relies solely on secondary data sources. These sources include journal articles, policy papers, and examples of case studies. A full assessment of the existing body of information and evidence may be carried out using this tec hnique, which eliminates the logistical and cost restrictions that are associated with primary data collecting.The most important findings highlight the transformational potential of rural innovations in terms of resolving resource restrictions and supporting sustainable development. The development of frugal innovations, which are intended to maximise value while consuming the least amount of resources possible, has emerged as an essential strategy for improving accessibility and affordability. The report addresses a number of obstacles, including, but not limited to, infrastructural deficiencies, limited awareness, and legislative inadequacies, while highlighting the environmental benefits of renewable energy solutions, organic farming techniques, and water conservation technology. It was determined that economic viability and inclusiveness are two of the most important aspects that influence the acceptance and scalability of innovations, particularly among individuals and groups who are marginalised. The study highlights the significance of collaboration among many stakeholders, such as governments, NGOs, commercial companies, and local people, in creating sustainable ecosystems for innovations in rural areas. Among the practical suggestions are the following: using participatory methods to guarantee equal access; prioritising quality control throughout scaling; and integrating sustainability indicators into innovation strategy. By providing practical advice to those in positions of power, this article adds to the expanding body of literature on sustainable rural development. Analysing long-term effects, merging historic knowledge systems with contemporary advances, and investigating digital tools for scaling are all areas that might need more investigation in the future.
Rural Innovations, Sustainability, Frugal Innovations, Environmental Impact, Economic Viability, Eastern India
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Comparative Study of Career Preference among Graduates
Who we are today solely depends on the choices we made in the past. Regarding our careers, what we pursue in our professional lives is the outcome of the decisions/preferences we made previously. This research examines the career choices of graduates in science, arts, and commerce. Multistage sampling was employed to choose 150 graduates from both aided and Self-Financing Colleges in Meerut City. The instrument employed for data gathering was the “Career Preference Choice Record” created by Prof. Arun Kumar and Dr. Jitendra Singh Goyal. Mean (M), Standard Deviation (SD), and Critical Ratio (CR) were utilized for analyzing and interpreting the aims and the hypotheses. The outcome indicates a distinction in career choices among graduates of science compared to those of arts, as well as between science and commerce graduates. Additional findings indicate that there is no distinction in career choices between graduates of commerce and those of arts.
Career Choice, Graduates, Multistage Sampling, Statistical Analysis, Stream Differences
Integration of Information and Communication Technology in 21st Century Classroom Teaching
The 21st century has witnessed a revolutionary transformation in the field of education, primarily driven by the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). ICT has not only reshaped traditional teaching methodologies but has also expanded the boundaries of learning beyond classrooms. This research article explores the multifaceted role of ICT in modern classroom teaching, focusing on its impact on pedagogy, student engagement, accessibility, teacher roles, and educational outcomes. The study also examines challenges, opportunities, and future prospects of ICT in education, especially in the context of developing countries like India. The findings suggest that ICT is a powerful tool that enhances teaching-learning processes when effectively implemented.
ICT, Classroom Teaching, Student Engagement, Digital Learning, Educational Outcomes
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Lifelong Learning Skills Among Teachers in the 21st Century
Lifelong learning and educational reform are crucial issues in the 21st Century, shaping curricula, teacher training, and learning strategies. Their interconnectedness is highlighted by societal visions and policies aimed at enhancing quality of life through human resource development. Lifelong learning outcomes must address environmental and socio-economic challenges, improving overall life quality. Global acceptance of lifelong learning underscores the need for skills that enable continuous education beyond formal schooling. Institutions should recognize the qualities necessary for lifelong learning when removing entry barriers. Educational bodies must foster attitudes essential for lifelong learning, emphasizing skills that promote ongoing development. These skills encompass continuous learning, eliminating obstacles, and understanding what, when, and where to learn. Lifelong learning skills closely align with self-directed, independent, and competency-based education, adapting to educational goals. For students, the essence of these skills lies in planning, monitoring, and assessing their learning. Educators, too, should perpetually refine their lifelong learning skills throughout their careers.
Lifelong learning, educational reform, learning strategies, Educational bodies.
The Teacher's Role in Addressing Mental Health Issues of Students
Tremendous gains in understanding mental health among young people have occurred over the past decade, yet it remains a high policy priority. Schools are identified as crucial for interventions to support mental well-being. However, the intended promotion of mental health in schools has not resulted in significant changes in many countries. It is often sidelined, with limited policy and practical guidance available for schools. Moreover, insufficient professional development and training hinder efforts to identify and improve student mental health effectively. Various resilience-based frameworks, such as the 10 Key Competencies to Survive and Thrive and the Four Attitudes of the Stress Interview, have been created to assist educators. Despite this, sustained attention to mental health in schools is lacking, leaving many teachers unsure about how to integrate it into the curriculum or school initiatives. (O’Reilly et al., 2018) (Shelemy et al., 2019) Keywords: Mental health, educators, health education.
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF TEACHERS
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) incorporates sustainability into curricula, equipping students with essential knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes to tackle societal challenges. Teachers are pivotal in this process, acting as key agents for ESD implementation. Examining teachers' access to professional development that enhances sustainability-oriented competencies is crucial. This study explored ESD implementation globally, focusing on teachers’ experiences and the competencies required. A literature review identified seven broad competencies for educators: knowledge and understanding, critical thinking, pedagogy and assessment, curriculum, school leadership, collaboration, and advocacy. Additionally, the study analyzed barriers and enablers affecting teachers' transformative roles. Insights revealed the significance of supportive pedagogical frameworks, clear policy directions, and continuous professional collaboration across educational sectors. (Catherine Jaspar, 2009) Keywords: Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), knowledge, skills, values, professional development.
Continuous Professional Development of Teachers: A Policy Perspective
Continuous Professional Development (CPD) for teachers should be a policy-driven, evidence-based approach that enhances educational quality by linking to student outcomes, equity, and sustainability. CPD is defined as any activity that develops skills and knowledge relevant to a professional’s duties. In education, it encompasses both formal and informal learning, involving various activities with different durations, purposes, and impacts. Evidence shows that teachers benefit from deepening their Subject Content Knowledge (SCK), enhancing pedagogical skills, and improving technology use. Nonetheless, many countries face challenges like limited time, funding, and guidance for effective CPD. (Nooruddin & Bhamani, 2019). Keywords: Continuous Professional Development, educational quality, technology, Subject Content Knowledge (SCK).
Activity Based Costing in Manufacturing Facilities and Electrical Power Distribution Systems Equipment Manufacturing
Manufacturing processes are critical to the success of the nation’s economy. Due to availability of raw materials and labour in certain economies lead to large scale establishment of manufacturing facilities. Depending on global supply chain, many industries procure raw materials from a broader geography. One such example is petroleum industry the relies on cross-country pipelines for inflow of crude for refining and marketing purposes. The project managers must take care of the internal decision by proper use of the accounting figures available with the internal environment. Especially in a large manufacturing unit with low and high-volume products and services are delivered the accounting of the overhead costs incurred needs to be allocated so that an optimal pricing decision is made. Traditional costing allows undifferentiated allocation of the overheads to all types of the products irrespective of the volume. However, the activity-based costing has a greater significance when a literature review was performed to study the advantages of activity-based costing (ABC) and its success. Later on, a comparison of two hypothetical products “X” and “Y” distinguished based on the volume was performed against following the traditional methodology and activity-based methodology to understand how it would impact the pricing strategy been followed. The steps followed in the ABC were enumerated and presented in a manner to be able to understand by a person with non-business background. A general analysis has provided an insight in application of ABC for the management in taking the right decisions for the betterment of the company. In electrical power systems industry there are many equipment manufactured. The majority of them comprises of copper and aluminium conductors. The respective manufacturing facilities require attaining high energy efficiency, optimized processes, leverage of new technologies at the same time allocate the appropriate pricing strategy to promote both company profits and recover costs for research and innovations. Keywords: manufacturing; project accounting; electrical equipment manufacturing.
Attitude of Pupil Teacher's Regarding the Inclusive Education of Students with Visual and Hearing Impairment
Inclusive education significantly enhances opportunities for students to engage in collaborative learning. Through inclusive education students can develop a positive attitude and behavioral disposition towards learning alongside their peer, specifically those who are below average in academic performance or differently abled. This is crucial because the attitude of their differently able peer group exert a substantial influence on their own educational experience. Similarly, it is absolutely essential to assess the attitudes towards differently abled individuals held by those students who intend to pursue a career in teaching. This study tries to explore the attitude of pupil teacher's regarding the inclusive education of students with visual and hearing Impairment. In this study researcher uses descriptive survey method to assess the attitude of pupil teachers towards inclusive education of students with visual and hearing Impairment. For this study, those students who are taking training in the B.Ed. course before aspiring for the teaching profession in West Bengal are the population of the researcher. For fulfill the objectives total 120 B.Ed. students were selected by the researcher as a sample of the study through purposive sampling technique. For this study, the researcher had prepared a self-made questionnaire of 20 items, namely “Scale on Attitude of pupil teacher’s” to collect the requisite data related to attitude of pupil teachers towards inclusive education of students with visual and hearing Impairment. The present study revealed that gender and locality wise pupil teachers have some significant different attitude regarding the inclusive education of student with visual impairment. Also, this study revealed that educand teachers have not significantly attitudinal differences regarding the inclusive education of student with hearing impairment based on their gender and habitat. Also, this study found that there is no significant relationship between gender wise pupil teachers’ attitude regarding the inclusive education of student with visual and hearing impairment.
Transfer Learning-Based Deep Learning Framework for Medicinal Plant Leaf Analysis and Disease Detection
Medicinal plants play a significant role in both conventional and modern medical procedures, it is imperative that their leaves be accurately observed. Examining medicinal plant leaves by hand is time-consuming and prone to human error, especially when trying to spot early signs of illness. This research suggests using a transfer learning-based deep learning approach based on a pre-trained ResNet50 model to analyze photos of medicinal plant leaves in order to solve this issue. The experimental evaluation of this work was conducted using a standard dataset of leaf images from medicinal plants. Three classes representing healthy leaves and two main illness states were created from the dataset. All the images were scaled prior to the application of any preprocessing technique like data augmentation and normalization. The final classification layers were used to train the classification layers for a three-class classification problem with the convolutional part of the pre-trained ResNet50 network. The transfer learning approach based on feature extraction can prevent overfitting and improve the efficiency of learning for datasets of moderate sizes. Experimental findings demonstrate that the developed framework effectively captures meaningful feature representations and achieves reliable classification performance for medicinal plant analysis. The work has verified that the transfer learning approach using ResNet50 is a robust and efficient method for the automatic medicinal plant leaf monitoring and intelligent plant health evaluation.
Transfer Learning, Medicinal Plant, Feature Extraction, RestNet50, Leaf Image Analysis
Bridging the Equity Assessment Divide - Teachers Culturally Responsive Practices
The National Education Policy 2020 envisions a fundamental shift in how we assess students moving toward approaches that are competency-based, holistic, and fair to all learners. But how much of this vision has actually reached classrooms? This study looked at how teachers in Tamil Nadu's Karur district are putting Culturally Responsive Assessment (CRA) into practice. We surveyed 312 teachers from government, aided, and private schools, asking them how often they use CRA, how confident they feel about it, and what gets in their way. This study found reveals a telling gap between policy and practice. While 82% of teachers agreed that CRA matters for meeting the needs of diverse students—including first-generation learners and children from different language backgrounds—only 28% said they actually use it regularly. The main obstacles? Overcrowded classrooms (85% of teachers pointed to this), lack of training in alternative assessment methods (78%), rigid syllabi that leave little room for flexibility (70%), and the relentless pressure to prepare students for board exams (68%). Teachers who had received training under the NEP 2020 framework were noticeably more likely to use CRA. The takeaway is clear: if we want real change, teachers need practical training modules in Tamil, district-level support for creating resources, and systemic reforms that bring state board evaluations in line with NEP's vision for formative assessment. Keywords: Culturally Responsive Assessment, NEP 2020, Tamil Nadu education, equity in assessment, teacher practices, Karur district.
AI-based Adaptive Learning Platforms for Vocational Education: A Personalized Approach to Skill Development
In the evolving landscape of vocational education, the need for personalized, flexible, and industry-relevant learning solutions is more critical than ever. This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into adaptive learning platforms to enhance skill development in vocational training programs. AI-based adaptive systems personalize the learning experience by analyzing learner’s performance, predicting knowledge gaps, and dynamically adjusting content delivery to suit individual learning styles and pace. The study investigates how such platforms can improve learner engagement, reduce dropout rates, and better align educational outcomes with industry demands. A prototype platform tailored for vocational learners was implemented and evaluated within a B. Voc. program. Results indicate significant improvements in both learner satisfaction and practical skill acquisition when compared to traditional static content delivery. The research concludes that AI-driven adaptive learning systems hold substantial potential to revolutionize vocational education by fostering personalized, data-driven, and outcome-oriented learning environments. Future work will focus on integrating multilingual support, real-time feedback systems, and industry certifications within the adaptive framework. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Adaptive Learning, Vocational Education, Skill Development, Personalized Learning
Integrating Artificial intelligence in higher education: Challenges, Opportunities and Future Directions for Enhancing Student Engagement
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a growing force for change in higher education, supporting students, faculty, and administrators in teaching, learning, and administrative roles. In this study, we examine the opportunities and challenges associated with using AI for student engagement in higher education. In addition, this paper will outline recommendations for the future integration of AI in higher education for student engagement. The methodology of this article is qualitative in nature, using a in-dept literature review method of content analysis techniques. The results of this study show that AI has the potential to revolutionize student participation and quality in higher education systems. However, for this to be successfully implemented, it is essential that it is planned and balanced so that it complements human teaching strategies. By addressing current problems and exploring new avenues, AI has the potential to have a significant impact on the inclusion, creativity and student-centeredness of higher education systems in the future. Keywords- Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education, Student Engagement, AI-Supported Learning, Personalized Learning.
Caregiver Burden and Geriatric Well-Being: A Literature Synthesis with Reference to Assam
The world's rapidly aging population is demanding for caregiving. In the Indian context, especially in Assam, family members are the main caregivers for senior citizens. Although providing care guarantees emotional support, caregivers frequently experience significant financial, emotional, and physical strain. Elderly people's mental health and general well-being are directly impacted by this caregiving load, in addition to the caregivers themselves. With a particular emphasis on Assamese research and publications, this paper conducts a literature-based synthesis to investigate the connection between caregiver burden and geriatric mental health. Secondary data has been gathered from government reports, doctoral theses, published articles, and Assamese-language literature on mental health, family care, and aging. The study focuses on important issues like stress, anxiety, depression, and social isolation in older adults and demonstrates how the caregiving environment affects these outcomes. Assamese cultural customs are also given particular consideration. The study comes to the conclusion that although family caregiving is still crucial to elder care in Assam, growing caregiver burdens frequently result in mental health issues for senior citizens. It demands awareness campaigns, more organized community support networks, and mental health treatments that are adapted to the sociocultural context of Assam. This literature synthesis helps us to understand the importance of the topic by placing geriatric mental health within a regional framework of Assam. Keywords: Caregiver Stress, Geriatric Mental health, Modernization, Family Care
Histopathological and Bioaccumulation Assessment of Surfactants (NPE and LAS) in Freshwater Fishes Using GC–MS Analysis
Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) serve as surfactants whose production exceeds 1000 metric tons yet scientists find them in all freshwater ecosystems because wastewater treatment systems fail to remove them completely. The lipophilic metabolites of NPE degradation, especially nonylphenol (NP), present severe risks to ecological systems. The research examined how NPE/LAS pollutants accumulate in organisms and their subsequent impact on Labeo rohita (rohu) fish through histopathological testing. The fish received three sublethal concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L⁻¹) of a commercial NPE mixture and LAS for 28 days. Researchers used Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) to examine liver, kidney, gill, and muscle tissue samples for NP and LAS residues. The researchers assessed histopathological changes that occurred in gill, liver, and kidney tissues. The GC–MS analysis showed that NP, which acts as the persistent metabolite of NPE, accumulated in liver and kidney tissues at significant levels that increased according to the administered dose. The examination showed LAS to have lower accumulation levels which remained detectable. The histopathological examination discovered extensive tissue damage which progressed according to the dose consumed by the subjects. The study found a direct relationship between tissue NP residue levels and histopathological severity assessment. The research proves that freshwater fish experience major organ harm through chronic exposure to NPE at levels found in their natural environment because NP bioaccumulation leads to various health problems which affect their ability to function and survive. The tissue stress from LAS showed lower accumulation levels than other substances. The research demonstrates that environmental surfactant discharge requires strict regulation because environmental monitoring benefits from combined bioaccumulation (GC–MS) and biomarker (histopathology) assessment methods.
Nonylphenol ethoxylates, surfactants, freshwater, lipophilic metabolites
INDIGENOUS THERAPEUTIC PRACTICES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HEMORRHOIDS IN NORTHEAST INDIA
The goal of present investigation is to throw light on the traditional knowledge of indigenous tribal communities of Northeast region of India with special reference to Sivasagar district of Assam and Namsai district of Arunachal Pradesh on the use of various medicinal flora and fauna in the treatment of various ailments especially like piles. Hemorrhoids or piles are a common problem faced by around 60% of the people of the North eastern region. Most of the used medicinal flora and fauna are native to the local area as the region has tremendous potential of bio-resources. Despite being rich in ethnicity and well equipped with traditional knowledge, due to lack of proper documentation and ethical belief, much useful information is confined only to the local folk communities. The present research is an assemblage of reports of folk medicines used by local people or Kabiraj for the treatment of piles through individual questionnaires. And the information generated from the current study will provide valuable facts of the indigenous medicine to the masses for proper utilization and systematic commercialization with scientific practices.
Piles, Folklore, ethno medicines, North East, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh
Solutions to Inclusive Physical Education: A Comprehensive Outline for Implementation in Indian Schools
Inclusive Physical Education (IPE) represents a critical paradigm shift in educational practice, ensuring equitable access to physical activity and fitness education for all students, regardless of ability or disability. Despite progressive policy frameworks in India, including the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016) and the National Education Policy (2020), implementation remains constrained by infrastructural deficits, inadequate teacher preparation, curricular limitations, and societal attitudes. This paper synthesizes evidence from recent research to propose a comprehensive solutions framework addressing these barriers. Drawing from studies examining teacher attitudes, assistive technology implementation, administrative barriers, and international best practices, this paper presents strategic interventions across five key domains: teacher capacity building, infrastructure development, curriculum adaptation, assistive technology integration, and community engagement. The proposed solutions framework emphasizes professional development programs, adaptive equipment provision, modified assessment strategies, and policy implementation mechanisms. Evidence indicates that comprehensive teacher training, combined with adequate resources and institutional support, significantly improves inclusive practices and student participation outcomes. This paper contributes to the inclusive education discourse by providing evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders to transform inclusive physical education from policy aspiration to classroom reality.
STIGMA, ACCESS, AND TREATMENT GAPS IN WOMEN’S MENTAL HEALTH DURING COVID-19: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE INDIAN CONTEXT
The COVID-19 pandemic creates a parallel mental health crisis in India and exacerbates the challenges faced by women who experience a disproportionate amount of psychological distress due to long-standing gender norms, stigma, and unequal access to services. Mental health issues are commonly seen through social judgment and moral frameworks in India and as a result, there is pressure on women, whose identities are inextricably linked to their roles as caregivers and representatives of their families to not disclose their illness or to seek help. The lockdowns resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have increased these vulnerabilities by disrupting livelihoods, limiting mobility, increasing domestic responsibilities, and restricting access to mental health services. The paper examines how demand side barriers such as stigma and social judgement interact with structural barriers around access, cost, and knowledge of services to create and perpetuate gaps in treatment for women's mental health in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research uses both qualitative and quantitative forms of research for a complete understanding of the impact the stigmatization of mental illness has on help-seeking behaviour as well as how specific areas disrupt access to care. Through utilising secondary data from peer-reviewed journals, governmental policy documents, and data from publicly avaiable resources there are four themes of emerging evidence from the literature identified: stigma and gender-specific barriers to help-seeking; structural barriers that disrupt access to care; widening gaps in treatment during public health emergencies; and possible intervention points. The analysis also highlights how the disruption of services as well as fear and restrictions of movement are increasing during crises which ultimately yields significant treatment gaps due to increased control of women's autonomy within the household. Finally, although several governmental initiatives exist regarding digital mental health care, their effectiveness is dependent on a number of factors (e.g., awareness, confidentiality, affordability, and cultural competence). According to the research paper, circumstances leading to unmet mental health needs in female patients are not due to unpredictable service failures, but rather are due to systemic gender-based factors; thus, in order to address these gaps in service delivery and create more equitable outcomes for female patients, emergency mental health services must be gender sensitive and use a combination of expanding service availability, reducing stigma around mental health care, and improving practical access to those services.
Women’s mental health, COVID-19, stigma, treatment gaps, tele-mental health
A Chronological Review of the TPACK Framework in Pre-Service Teacher Education (2006–2025)
This review synthesizes research on Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) in teacher education, focusing on its evolution and detailed analysis to address fragmented understanding and methodological limitations in the field. The review aimed to evaluate TPACK’s conceptual development, assess measurement approaches, synthesize instructional strategies, compare disciplinary and contextual variations, and identify implementation challenges. A systematic analysis of empirical, theoretical, and bibliometric studies from 2006 to 2025, predominantly from Asia, North America, and Europe, was conducted using mixed- method and thematic frameworks. Findings reveal that TPACK has evolved from PCK to a dynamic, integrative framework, yet inconsistencies in definitions and assessment tools persist. Instructional interventions, including collaborative lesson design and technology-infused courses, effectively foster TPACK development; however, they often emphasize technological skills unevenly across different domains. Disciplinary and contextual factors significantly influence TPACK enactment, though cross-disciplinary and socio-cultural investigations remain limited. Common barriers include resource constraints, insufficient training, and resistance to change, compounded by methodological weaknesses in research designs. These findings converge to highlight the need for rigorous, context-sensitive assessment and tailored instructional models. The review underscores theoretical refinement and practical application of TPACK as essential for advancing teacher education programs that integrate technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge effectively. Keywords: Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), technology-infused course, instructional interventions
Fintech Enabled Financial Inclusion: Evidence From India’s Digital Payment Revolution
Fintech growth changed India's banking and payment ecosystem. The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and government led financial inclusion initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) have significantly contributed to this change. This study examines the statistical relationship between fintech driven digital payment adoption and financial inclusion in India from 2014 to 2025. The study is based on secondary data obtained from the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) and the PMJDY portal. For analysis, it employs trend analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis to evaluate patterns of digital transaction growth and account ownership. Data from the National Payments Corporation of India and the PMJDY portal show clear trends. UPI transactions grew exponentially since 2018. UPI transaction values correlate strongly with PMJDY account growth. Access to formal banking increases digital payment usage. Rural areas hold the majority of new PMJDY accounts. Rural account penetration succeeded in reaching underserved populations. Digital payments and policy led inclusion support each other. India continues its transition toward a digital financial system. The results provide insights for policymakers and financial firms. They must design strategies that integrate account penetration with digital usage. This approach ensures inclusive and sustainable financial development.
Fintech, Financial Inclusion, Digital Banking, UPI, PMJDY
Barriers in the Effective Use of Educational Technology by Teachers
The research paper investigates the obstacles which stop teachers from using educational technology in their classroom teaching. The implementation of technology shows inconsistent results because schools have made significant investments in infrastructure and they acknowledge the teaching advantages of technology. The study identifies barriers through a systematic literature review which analyzes external resource limitations inadequate infrastructure insufficient support and time constraints together with internal technological anxiety and insufficient pedagogical knowledge and resistance to change and limited self-efficacy. The research uses Ertmer's framework which separates first-order barriers from second-order barriers to study how extrinsic barriers and intrinsic belief systems block technology integration. The study found that first-order barriers have decreased but second-order barriers which stem from teacher beliefs and pedagogical knowledge and institutional culture remain the main barriers. The study identifies professional development which focuses on pedagogical integration needs institutional support academic communities and sufficient planning time and organizational cultural change toward innovation as essential elements for overcoming barriers. The recommendations target three groups which include policymakers’ administrators and professional development designers. Keywords: Educational Technology, Barriers Effective, Pedagogical Knowledge, Teacher self-efficiency
Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate in Freshwater Ecosystems: Sources, Persistence, Bioaccumulation and Impacts on Fish Health – A Critical Review
Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) is one of the most widely used anionic surfactants and so it is used mainly in detergents for the household, cleaning, and personal care products. The massive quantity of LAS consumed makes it very often introduce into freshwater environments through different routes such as domestic sewage, industrial discharge, and urban drainage. Environmental monitoring data collected from different places show that LAS levels in surface waters are usually between 0.01 to 1.2 mg L⁻¹ and in untreated sewage systems it is much higher ranging from 5 to 20 mg L⁻¹. Although LAS is recognized as readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions, its environmental persistence in sediment and oxygen-depleted zones increases with degradation half-lives of 30-40 days. Studies on bioaccumulation performed on different types of fish have already shown the existence of bioconcentration factors in the range of 100 to 500, where variation comes mainly from the differences in the length of alkyl chains. The chronic exposure scenarios reveal that Las (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates) have a negative impact on fish health through various physiological mechanisms such as damage to gill tissues, the development of oxidative stress, disturbance of the activity of enzymes, and the impairment of the reproductive system. The current paper reviews very comprehensively the whole process of exposure of freshwater fish to LAS, which includes the sources in the environment, fate processes, bioaccumulation dynamics, and toxicological consequences, especially the ecological risks linked with the continuous low-level exposure of the aquatic systems receiving wastewater inputs to the environment. Keywords: water pollution, cuticle agent, piscine toxicity, Shrimp batter, additional environmental endurance, and seepage of wastewater
Impact of Seasonal Water Deficit on the Secondary Metabolite Profile and Antioxidant Defense System of Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh) in Jharkhand’s Forest Ecosystem
Seasonal water deficiency is among the most significant non-living elements which disrupt the growth, activity and chemical composition of medicinal plants in the tropical forests. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees is among the most demanded plants among the large number of medicinal plants due to its biogenetic secondary metabolites as a diterpene andrographolide and other derivative compounds. The current study is expected to be focused on the study of effects of seasonal water scarcity on metabolite profile and photo-protection of A. paniculata that naturally grows in Jharkhand, India. The experiment was founded on field experiments, carried out using three different seasons, i.e. monsoon (enough water), post-monsoon (moderate lack of water) and summer (extreme lack of water). The total phenolic content, flavonoid, and andrographolide concentration and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were assessed by scientists. the moderate level of stress caused the most significant increase in the quantity of secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzyme activities, and the so-called metabolic imbalance and the damage of the oxidative processes were observed during the periods of toxic droughts. The paper introduces the crude biochemical state to which A. paniculata has adapted due to the seasonal drought and in that, presents the agricultural and harvesting techniques which are dependent on the droughted-water situation as the primary benefit. Keywords - Andrographis paniculata, seasonal drought, secondary metabolites, antioxidant enxymes
A STUDY ON INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES AND THEIR IMPACT ON STUDENT ENGAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION
This paper explores the revolutionary nature of new pedagogy in reinventing student engagements in the new environment of higher education. Since conventional didactic models are becoming more questionable due to their inability to satisfy the demands of a digitally-native and diverse student population, the study examines the transition to active learning models, such as the flipped classroom, gamification, and AI-driven personalized teaching. The article explores how these methodologies can provoke three key dimensions of engagement: behavioral, emotional, and cognitive by combining the existing theories of education with the empirical evidence. The results indicate that the adoption of high-impact practices, i.e. project-based learning, the use of immersive virtual simulations, etc., has a significant positive effect on retention rates and the development of critical competencies of the 21st century. The paper also mentions the implementation systemic issues, such as the faculty digital literacy and strong institutional support. The paper concludes by asserting that the shift to the innovative pedagogy is not only a technological update but the entire switch to the more inclusive, flexible, and student-centered academic ecosystem. Keywords: Pedagogical Innovation, Active Learning, Higher Education Reform, Student Engagement, Digital Transformation
THE IMPACT OF AI INTEGRATION ON STUDENT MOTIVATION IN CLASSROOM LEARNING
This paper focuses on the effects of the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on student motivation during classroom performance. As AI-powered learning devices like adaptive learning system, intelligent tutoring systems, and automated feedback systems are being more adopted, these tools have on the motivational levels of students has gained greater significance. The researchers examine the impact of AI integration on the essential areas of student motivation such as their engagement, interest, autonomy, and persistence in learning activities. The results show that AI-enhanced classroom learning has a positive effect on student motivation due to the improvement of personal learning experience, instant feedback system, and active engagement. The study notes the issues with the technological accessibility, teacher preparedness, and possible over-reliance on the AI tools. The researchers find that a positive and efficient integration of AI alongside pedagogical support can contribute essentially to the motivation of students and the overall learning outcomes of the classroom. Keywords: AI-powered, classroom learning, student motivation and pedagogical support.