International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology
International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology is an International Open Access, Peer-reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Online Journal that aims to facilitate the dissemination of high-quality scientific research across various fields of modern science and technology. With a commitment to fostering innovation and advancing knowledge, the journal provides a platform for researchers, scholars, and scientists to share their findings and insights with the global scientific community. ISSN: 2583-7605 (Online) Subject Category: Multidisciplinary Journal Type: International Open Access, Peer-reviewed, Refereed Journal Issue Frequency: Monthly Criteria for Manuscript Submitted manuscripts must be Plagiarism free (Less than 10%). Submitted manuscripts must not contain more than 20% AI-generated content. Manuscript must be original and should not have been published previously anywhere. The writing must be clear, concise and unambiguous. The data should be valid. The discussions and conclusions drawn by the authors must be reasonable and supportable. The information must be relevant and interesting to area of research. For any query or submission, E-mail: editor@ijsrmst.com Mobile: 9415093911 (WhatsApp Only)
Integration of AI in Training and Injury Prediction for Student Athletes
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in sports science has brought about a revolutionary change in the way that training and injury prevention are conducted, particularly with regard to student athletes. The purpose of this project is to investigate the impact that artificial intelligence-driven tools and predictive analytics can have on the monitoring of physical performance, the optimisation of training regimens, and the prediction of injury risks in young athletes. In order to discover trends and abnormalities that may precede injuries, artificial intelligence systems can make use of machine learning algorithms, wearable technology, and biomechanical data. This enables prompt interventions to be taken to prevent injuries. Through this research, it is demonstrated how artificial intelligence may improve personalised training regimens, prevent instances of overtraining, and assist coaches and sports medical experts in making decisions that are informed by data. The study also addresses the ethical implications, issues over data privacy, and the requirement for human oversight in sports programs that are powered by artificial intelligence. In general, the incorporation of AI not only enhances sports performance but also guarantees the long-term health and safety of student athletes throughout their training.
Training, Injury, Prediction, Student, Athletes
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effectiveness of morning exercise routines on attention span in classrooms
The beneficial effects of morning exercise routines on children's attention spans in the classroom are the focus of an increasing number of research. The reason for this is because educators and health professionals are always searching for more comprehensive approaches to improve the academic performance and overall health of pupils. This study investigates the possible behavioural and cognitive benefits of including structured morning physical activity sessions into the daily school calendar. The sessions are scheduled to take place throughout the school day. According to study, engaging in moderate to intense physical activity prior to engaging in academic education is beneficial to the executive processes of the brain, which include attention, memory, and concentration. Exercising first thing in the morning provides a number of advantages, including improved blood circulation, less stress, and elevated levels of neurotransmitters that are known to improve mood, such as dopamine and serotonin. These benefits all contribute to improved cognitive processing and mental alertness in the classroom. Observational data, teacher ratings, and standardised attention span measures were used in this research to determine that students who participate in short, regular morning exercise routines outperform their counterparts who engage in sedentary activities in terms of concentration, decreased impulsivity, and engagement with learning tasks. Students often report feeling more emotionally prepared to meet academic challenges, as well as experiencing a rise in their level of energy. The findings lend support to the notion that providing children with the opportunity to engage in physical activity as part of their morning school routine is an excellent method to enhance their ability to concentrate and to make the learning environment more enjoyable.
Morning exercise, attention span, classroom behavior, physical activity, cognitive function.
Teaching methods in physical education: Traditional vs modern approaches
Over the course of its history, the field of physical education (PE) has seen a substantial metamorphosis, transitioning from more conventional, teacher-centered approaches to more contemporary, student-centered approaches over this time period. Traditional methods of teaching physical education frequently place an emphasis on discipline, repetition, and standardised physical exercises, while leaving little room for an individual's creativity or individualisation. On the other hand, contemporary approaches place an emphasis on holistic development, inclusiveness, experiential learning, and the incorporation of technology. These modern approaches encourage students to take responsibility for their own education, support the development of critical thinking skills, and make accommodations for a wide range of talents and interests. Through an examination of pedagogical tactics, student involvement, learning results, and general physical development, this study investigates the relative efficacy of conventional and contemporary teaching approaches in the field of physical education. In addition to this, it illustrates the ways in which the incorporation of contemporary methods, such as game-based learning, cooperative learning, and digital technologies, may improve motivation, engagement, and habits of lifelong physical exercise. By providing educators and policymakers with insights into emerging practices that match with current educational paradigms and the changing requirements of learners, the abstract intends to assist in the development of educational policies.
Role of Core Stability in Sports-Specific Performance
A firm foundation for efficient movement, balance, and force transmission is provided by core stability, which plays a vital role in increasing performance in sports-specific activities. The core, which is comprised of the muscles of the belly, lower back, pelvis, and hips, serves as a stabilising centre for the body. This enables athletes to perform complicated motions with higher precision and a reduced chance of injury. The purpose of this study is to investigate the connection between core stability and performance in a variety of sports, with a particular focus on the influence that core stability has on strength, agility, endurance, and injury prevention. In both individual and team sports, research has shown that targeted core training may lead to demonstrable gains in sprint speed, throwing accuracy, leaping ability, and balance. These changes can be used to increase performance. Additionally, a well-conditioned core leads to enhanced posture and neuromuscular control, both of which are crucial for maintaining good biomechanics during activities that are unique to a sport. Based on the data, it appears that including core stability exercises into regular training routines is absolutely necessary for athletes who want to improve their performance and keep their physical health in good condition over the long run.
Biomechanical Analysis of Sprinting Techniques in School-Level Athletes
The biomechanical examination of sprinting strategies used by school-level athletes offers useful insights into the optimisation of performance and the prevention of injuries. The complicated and high-speed locomotor activity known as sprinting demands perfect coordination of the actions of the muscles, the motions of the joints, and the posture employed. The purpose of this research is to assess the most important biomechanical characteristics among school-aged sprinters. These parameters include stride length, stride frequency, ground response force, joint angles, and body alignment. In order to enhance sprinting mechanics, coaches and trainers can adapt training interventions to improve the mechanics of sprinting by identifying typical technical inefficiencies. These inefficiencies include overstriding, poor arm-leg coordination, and inappropriate trunk placement. The research illustrates how biomechanical parameters directly impact acceleration, maximum velocity, and total sprinting performance. This is accomplished through the use of motion analysis tools and observational methodologies across the research. When it comes to young athletes, the findings highlight the significance of early biomechanical evaluation and technique correction in order to improve speed, minimise fatigue, and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal problems. The findings of this investigation will serve as the basis for the development of evidence-based coaching practices that are focused at fostering athletic talent within young athletes. Keywords: Biomechanical, sprinting, school, athletes
OBESITY TRENDS IN SCHOOL CHILDREN: CAN PE CURRICULUM MAKE A DIFFERENCE?
The rising prevalence of obesity among children of school age is a serious public health problem that is affecting people all over the globe and has far-reaching implications for their physical, psychological, and social health. Major contributions to this tendency include inadequate amounts of physical activity, bad eating habits, and excessive amounts of time spent in front of screens, all of which are made worse by living in a metropolitan environment. The fact that schools play such an important part in the social development and everyday routine of children makes them an excellent place for intervention initiatives. One step that is promising towards rectifying these worried tendencies is the adoption of a physical education (PE) program that is both dynamic and effective. The purpose of this abstract is to investigate the potential effects that a structured physical education program may have on the battle against childhood obesity and the promotion of healthy lifestyle choices within the population. According to the findings of study, physical education programs that place an emphasis on inclusiveness, enjoyment, skill development, and continuous physical activity may have the potential to significantly improve students' physical fitness, body composition, and attitudes towards their overall health throughout their lives. In addition, there has been an increase in the usefulness of physical education programs in reducing body mass index (BMI) levels and promoting improved behaviours. These programs include a range of activities, fitness testing, behavioral training, and parental involvement. According to what is said in the abstract, it is essential for the maintenance of public health that physical education (PE) be revised and given a priority in the curriculum of schools in order to combat the epidemic of childhood obesity.
Childhood obesity, Physical Education (PE), school curriculum, physical activity, sedentary behavior.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of Flexibility Training on Injury Prevention in Young Athletes
The importance of flexibility training as a component of injury prevention techniques for young athletes is becoming more widely acknowledged. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect that frequent flexibility exercises, such as dynamic and static stretching, have on lowering the number of sports-related injuries that occur in young people. The research demonstrates that flexibility training can increase joint range of motion, improve muscular coordination, and reduce muscle stiffness, all of which lead to lower injury rates. This is accomplished through a review of the current literature as well as an analysis of recent intervention-based studies. Young athletes who participate in systematic flexibility programs have a significant reduction in the number of acute and overuse injuries they sustain, particularly in high-mobility sports like gymnastics, football, and athletics. For the purpose of promoting musculoskeletal health and long-term athletic performance in young athletes, the findings lend support to the incorporation of flexibility practices into regular training plans. Additionally, it is advised that additional longitudinal studies be conducted in order to discover the appropriate frequency, length, and kind of flexibility training for certain age groups and activities.
The Impact of Strength Training on Adolescent Athletic Performance
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence that strength training has on the athletic performance of adolescents, with a particular emphasis on the physiological and performance-related outcomes. The fast growth of the musculoskeletal system that occurs during puberty in adolescents makes this a crucial time for the introduction of systematic strength training. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate increases in muscular strength, power output, coordination, and general athleticism among teenagers who participate in supervised strength training programs. These benefits are highlighted through a review of the published literature as well as empirical investigations. Specifically, the benefits extend to a wide range of activities, including the enhancement of sprint speed, jump height, agility, and the prevention of injuries. Strength training is both safe and very helpful for young people, according to the findings of the study, which also answers widespread concerns regarding safety. The study come to the conclusion that strength training was developed and supervised effectively. According to the findings, there should be more emphasis placed on incorporating resistance training into the athletic curriculum of schools and youth sports programs in order to promote holistic athletic development.
training, adolescent, athletic, performance
Tissue-Specific Profiling of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases under Cold Stress: An Integrated in Silico Pipeline for PROTAC Target Discovery
Background. Cells use ubiquitination i.e. tagging proteins with the small protein ubiquitin, to control which proteins survive and which get destroyed. This system is well studied for heat shock, low oxygen, and DNA damage, but its role during cold stress is far less clear. A recent review by Sheng and colleagues (2024) highlighted three gaps: we don’t know whether ubiquitination protects cells from extreme cold, we lack tissue-level maps of E3 ligases (the enzymes that pick which proteins get tagged), and only about a dozen E3 ligases can currently be used as anchors for PROTAC drugs. Methods. We built a six-phase in silico pipeline pulling data from public databases (GEO, UniProt, STRING, AlphaFold, ELM, ChEMBL, PROTAC-DB), with Welch differential expression across eight tissues and four cold time-points, tau-index tissue specificity, PPI network analysis, AlphaFold confidence checks, and a composite PROTAC priority score. Results. Starting from 31 reference human E3 ligases and 96 cold-exposure samples, the pipeline flagged 15 cold-responsive E3 candidates. Most were RING-type (10/15) and highly tissue-specific (mean τ = 0.85). HIF1A was the central network hub (betweenness = 0.36). Eight of ten top candidates had AlphaFold mean pLDDT ≥ 70. K48 chains which is the standard proteasome-targeting signal, accounted for 71% of 24 mapped ubiquitination sites. Composite PROTAC ranking placed MDM2 first (0.72), MARCH5 second (0.61, novel target), then PARKIN, SMURF1, and RNF8. All five passed productive ternary-complex geometry checks. Conclusions. MARCH5, RNF34, RNF183, and TRIM59 emerge as cold-relevant E3 ligases not yet exploited as PROTAC recruiters which are fresh handles for drugs targeting cold injury, organ preservation, and brown-fat metabolic disease.
ubiquitination; E3 ligase; cold stress; thermogenesis; PROTAC; tissue specificity; AlphaFold; in silico pipeline; MARCH5; RNF34
Preliminary In Silico Identification of a Brain-Penetrant HDAC6 Inhibitor (ZINC_SYN_0021), Targeting Tau Acetylation at KXGS Motifs
The Cytoplasmic deacetylase HDAC6 is responsible for removing tau acetylation at the KXGS motifs (K259, K290, K321, K353). The tau acetylation is a protective post-translational modification that prevents pathological phosphorylation and thus reduces tau aggregation. Inhibiting HDAC6 pharmacologically averts tau pathology in animal models, making HDAC6 an attractive target for tauopathy. We report a preliminary in silico framework to identify potential drug candidates that target HDAC6, a key enzyme involved in tau protein dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. We used the 3D crystal structures of the HDAC6 catalytic domain and tau protein as targets. A library of brain-permeable, zinc-binding compounds was screened through step-by-step virtual docking, which was validated using twelve clinically known HDAC inhibitor drugs. The top-ranked compound was further evaluated through molecular dynamics simulations to assess its stability when bound to HDAC6 and three different modified forms of tau protein. Finally, binding energy calculations (MM-GBSA) and drug-safety profiling (ADMET) were performed to confirm the suitability of the lead compound as a potential therapeutic candidate. Among all tested compounds, ZINC_SYN_0021 (SMILES: O=C(CCCC/C=C/c1ccc(OC)c(OC)c1)NO), a small hydroxamic acid molecule, emerged as the top candidate. It showed strong binding to HDAC6, comparable to two clinically approved HDAC inhibitor drugs (vorinostat and ACY-1215). Its binding energy was approximately −45 kcal/mol, indicating a stable and favorable interaction. Importantly, the compound was predicted to cross the blood-brain barrier, making it suitable for brain-targeted therapy. It also showed no major safety concerns related to the heart or liver. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that acetylated tau adopted a more compact and stable conformation compared to phosphorylated tau, suggesting lower aggregation tendency- a finding that supports previously reported biological evidence. We present this computational framework along with its current findings and acknowledged limitations. The values reported here are preliminary outputs of an ongoing pipeline and must be experimentally validated before any therapeutic conclusions can be drawn.
Alzheimer's disease; HDAC6 inhibitor; Tau acetylation; Molecular docking; Molecular dynamics simulation; MM-GBSA; ADMET profiling; Blood-brain barrier permeability
Green Practices: Pathways To Sustainable And Climate-Resilient Development
Green practices have emerged as essential pathways toward achieving sustainable and climate-resilient development in response to the growing challenges of climate change, environmental degradation, and resource depletion. Green living, also known as sustainable living, encourages individuals and communities to minimize their ecological footprint by adopting environmentally responsible behaviors and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The transition from fossil fuel-based energy systems to renewable and clean energy sources, such as solar power, electric vehicles, and hydrogen fuel-cell technologies, plays a crucial role in mitigating global warming and promoting environmental sustainability. Solar lighting systems, in particular, provide an affordable, low-maintenance, and renewable alternative for meeting energy needs while reducing dependence on conventional electricity. Uttarakhand, popularly known as Devbhumi or the "Land of the Gods," offers a unique model for implementing green practices due to its rich biodiversity, pristine rivers, dense forests, and fragile Himalayan ecosystem. The state's natural landscape makes it particularly suitable for promoting sustainable lifestyles that integrate traditional ecological knowledge with modern green technologies. Eco-friendly initiatives such as eco-villages, organic farming, farm stays, homestays, eco-tourism, and community-based conservation contribute significantly to environmental protection while supporting local livelihoods. Traditional construction materials, including stone, bamboo, and mud, are increasingly being used to reduce the environmental impact of infrastructure development and to enhance resilience in mountainous regions. Furthermore, rainwater harvesting, greywater recycling, solar-powered energy systems, and sustainable waste management practices strengthen resource efficiency and climate resilience. This paper highlights the importance of green practices in fostering sustainable development and examines how environmentally responsible lifestyles can reduce physical waste, conserve natural resources, improve energy efficiency, and encourage sustainable transportation. It also emphasizes the role of community participation, renewable energy adoption, and eco-tourism initiatives, including Eco Park Dhanaulti, in achieving long-term ecological balance. The study concludes that integrating green practices into everyday life is essential for ensuring environmental conservation, climate resilience, and sustainable socio-economic development for present and future generations. Keywords: Green practices, Sustainable development, Climate resilience, green living, Renewable energy, Organic farming, Eco-tourism, Eco Park Dhanaulti, Uttarakhand, Himalayan ecosystem.
Virtual Reality in Indian Science Education: A Review of Pedagogical Benefits, Systemic Barriers, and Implementation Pathways
Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly positioned as a transformative tool for science education, offering immersive visualization, repeatable virtual experimentation, and interactive engagement with abstract concepts. In India, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 explicitly promotes experiential and technology-enabled learning, creating a favorable policy environment for VR adoption. However, the gap between policy ambition and classroom reality remains wide. This review synthesizes peer-reviewed literature and policy documents from 2015 to 2025 to examine three dimensions of VR integration in Indian science education: (a) empirically demonstrated pedagogical benefits, (b) systemic barriers related to infrastructure, teacher readiness, linguistic diversity, and assessment alignment, and (c) strategic pathways for equitable implementation. The review identifies a clear gap in the existing literature: while numerous studies document VR's affordances in controlled settings, few examine the conditions under which these benefits translate to resource-constrained Indian classrooms at scale. The analysis further highlights that VR is not a pedagogical panacea; evidence of its effectiveness is context-dependent, and uncritical adoption risks deepening rather than bridging educational inequities. The paper concludes with a phased implementation framework and specific directions for future empirical research.
Virtual Reality, Science Education, NEP 2020, Educational Equity, Digital Divide
Environmental Protection Laws and Judicial Activism in India
India's environmental jurisprudence has been transformational one where aggressive judicial intervention by the superior courts in environmental matters can be traced. The paper explores the conceptual interface of constitutional environmental safeguards, statutory provisions, and broadly construed civil rights that includes ecological conservation by the judiciary. It outlines the evolution of decision making where courts went beyond word constructions to forge binding environmental principles paving the way for landmark precedents which have irreversibly transformed India's resource predilections. While Articles 48-A and 51-A in the Constitution provide a framework for environmental protection as a state duty and an obligation of citizens respectively, the distance between constitutional aspiration and administrative reality has been large throughout history. One of the more important responses to governance failures is a developing constitutional law by the judiciary, beginning rather tentatively in the late 1970s and implemented through the 1980s. Through this reframing of environmental protection into a right deriving from Article 21, the courts were able to crystallize enforceable principles having hitherto been perceived as aspirational that legislature had consistently shied away from developing legally binding mechanisms. This paper shows that, though sometimes reaching beyond the traditional limits of jurisdictional power, judicial activism deliberately and practically works towards implementing environmental rights. While it shows how litigation-driven environmentalism creates palpable local benefits, it also demonstrates that such victories may not reverse national environmental decline because courts act in the absence of bureaucratic infrastructure, political will and economic incentives aligned with conservation.
Environmental justice, judicial activism, constitutional interpretation, public interest litigation, sustainable development.
Anti-Carcinogenic Activity of Ethanolic Seed Extract of Ziziphus jujuba in DMBA Induced Charles Foster Rat
The anti-carcinogenic potential of ethanolic extract derived from Ziziphus jujuba seeds against breast cancer induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in Charles Foster rats. Mammary tumoriogenesis was initiated via oral gavage of DMBA, solubilised in olive oil, at a dose of 15 mg per kilogram of body weight through oral administration. Once tumors started to appear, the rats were given the ethanolic seed extract of Ziziphus jujuba at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight every day for five weeks. The development of tumors and the response to treatment were regularly checked by measuring the size of the tumors using Vernier calipers. The results showed that the group of rats treated with the extract demonstrated a significant reducing in tumor within the extract-treated cohort relative to the untreated control animals. This reduction suggests that the extract has a protective effect against DMBA-induced mammary tumor development against cancer caused by chemical exposure. These outcomes suggest the ethanolic extract of Ziziphus jujuba seeds possesses substantial anti-tumor properties, highlighting its potential viability as a therapeutic agent of natural origin for managing mammary carcinoma.
DMBA, Breast tumor, Mammary Carcinoma, Ziziphus jujuba, Charles Foster Rats, Tumor Volume, Anti-carcinogenic Activity
An Integrated Demand Forecasting and Inventory Optimization Model Using EOQ/EPQ and Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithms Under Uncertainty
This study presents an integrated system for inventory optimization under uncertainty with a combination of AI-forecasting techniques, a stochastic EOQ/EPQ model, a deterioration model, adaptive safety stock, and a hybrid metaheuristic optimizer. The proposed model considers the demand uncertainty by using a probabilistic demand with a forecasting-error component, while it is deterministic in the canonical EOQ/EPQ models, and accounts for the deterioration explicitly. The proposed model does not apply to the constant-cost EPQ since it does not consider deterioration or shortage. A novel stochastic derivation for EOQ/EPQ is developed to capture the uncertainty in forecasts and production dynamics, and an adaptive rule of safety stock is added to the EOQ/EPQ decision variables. The three production characteristics: order quantity, reorder point, and safety stock are simultaneously optimized by a hybrid genetic algorithm – particle swarm optimization (GA–PSO) under conditions of uncertainty to minimize total inventory cost. The proposed integrated approach is numerically tested and compared with the classic EOQ and EPQ policies through sensitivity analysis to show the advantages of the integrated approach in terms of the lowest total cost and more robust operation. The findings show that the integration of stochastic forecasting with hybrid metaheuristics can be beneficial for improving the stability and cost-effectiveness of inventory management systems, providing a practical approach for intelligent and sustainable supply chain management.
EOQ, EPQ, stochastic inventory, demand forecasting, hybrid metaheuristic optimization, GA–PSO, uncertainty, deteriorating inventory, sustainable supply chain.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Quality and Productivity of Academic Research
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in contemporary academic research by redefining the processes of knowledge generation, data analysis, scholarly communication, and research dissemination. The integration of AI technologies into academic ecosystems has significantly enhanced research quality, efficiency, innovation, and productivity across disciplines. AI-driven tools facilitate literature review, predictive analytics, automated data processing, plagiarism detection, language enhancement, citation management, and intelligent decision-making, thereby enabling researchers to perform complex scholarly tasks with greater precision and speed. The present article critically examines the role of Artificial Intelligence in improving the quality and productivity of academic research. It explores the conceptual foundations of AI, major AI applications in research methodology, benefits and challenges associated with AI integration, ethical considerations, and future implications for global higher education and knowledge production systems. The study highlights that AI not only accelerates research processes but also promotes interdisciplinary collaboration, research accessibility, and evidence-based innovation. However, concerns related to algorithmic bias, data privacy, academic integrity, and overdependence on automated systems require careful governance and ethical regulation. The article concludes that responsible and strategic integration of AI can revolutionize academic research by fostering intellectual advancement, research excellence, and sustainable knowledge societies. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Academic Research, Research Productivity, Research Quality, Higher Education, Machine Learning, Data Analytics, Research Innovation
The Orunodoi Scheme and Its Role in Enhancing Women Empowerment and Household Welfare: A Study in Barpeta District of Assam
The present study, titled “The Orunodoi Scheme and Its Role in Enhancing Women Empowerment and Households Welfare: A Study in Barpeta District of Assam”, aims to examine the effectiveness of the Orunodoi Scheme in improving the socio-economic condition of women and their families. The Orunodoi Scheme, launched by the Govt. of Assam, provides monthly financial assistance to economically weaker households with women designated as the primary beneficiaries. The scheme seeks to promote financial inclusion, enhance women’s decision-making power and improve overall household welfare. This study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through field surveys and structured questionnaires administered to selected beneficiaries in Barpeta District, while secondary data were gathered from government reports and official website. A descriptive and analytical research design is adopted to assess the scheme's impact. The present study examines the effectiveness of the Orunodoi Scheme by govt of Assam. The scheme provides financial assistance to economically weaker families, with women as primary beneficiaries. The study focuses on key areas such as women’s financial independence, participation in household decision-making and changes in living standards, including expenditure on food, health and education. It also identifies the challenges beneficiaries face in accessing and utilising the scheme's benefits. The findings of the study are expected to reveal that the Orunodoi Scheme has contributed positively towards women's empowerment and improvement in household welfare, although certain implementation challenges may still exist. The study will provide valuable insight for policymakers and contribute to the improvement of the welfare scheme in Assam.
Orunodoi Scheme, women’s Empowerment, Household Welfare, Financial Inclusion
Supply Chain Management’s role in Electric Vehicle Industry in Cost Reduction and Improvement of the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Ecosystem
There is a need to improvement of the value of the firm and the operations carried out through the supply chain process of any firm or business. There are several studies that have established that the logistics of the goods and services and supply chain management have huge scope in improving the financial results for the company. The intent of this study is to understand the factors affecting the supply chain management and improve the financial performance of the firm by implementing these strategies such as dedicated management staff, implementation of information technology in accounting and timely receipt of payments to reduce the accounts receivables and reconciliation activities, working capital management and improving cash to cash payments for improvement of the net present value. The paper studies all the available research and then summarizes the available options with a firm for improvement of the value of the firm and value of the operations. Keywords: electric vehicles technology, electric vehicles charging infrastructure, supply chain.
Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Network-Based Co-Resistance Analysis Across Six Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens: Hub Gene Identification, Horizontal Gene Transfer Potential, and Multi-Criteria Drug Target Prioritisation
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an escalating global health threat, with foodborne pathogens serving as critical vectors for multi-drug resistance (MDR) dissemination across the One Health continuum. Although individual resistance mechanisms have been extensively characterised, the systems-level architecture of cross-species AMR gene co-occurrence networks remains poorly defined. Methods: A binary presence/absence matrix of 47 AMR genes spanning 11 drug classes was assembled from six priority foodborne pathogens that include Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus based on a comprehensive primary literature synthesis. Jaccard similarity-based co-occurrence statistics with Bonferroni correction were applied to construct an undirected co-resistance network. Network topology metrics (degree, betweenness, closeness, and eigenvector centrality; composite hub score) were computed alongside pairwise horizontal gene transfer (HGT) potential scores. A four-component weighted algorithm incorporating hub score, pathogen breadth, chromosomal stability, and essentiality was applied for drug target prioritisation. Results: The network comprised 47 nodes and 205 statistically significant co-occurrence edges (density = 0.190; average clustering coefficient = 0.727). Three hub genes aac6_ib_cr, acrAB, and blaSHV achieved maximal hub scores (0.238 each). The E. coli–S. enterica dyad exhibited the highest inter-species HGT potential (score = 0.692), sharing 18 mobile AMR genes including colistin resistance determinants (mcr1, mcr4) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Drug target prioritisation ranked topoisomerase subunits parC and parE highest (composite score = 0.590), followed by gyrA (0.562), gyrB (0.557), and the efflux pump regulator acrAB (0.547). Conclusion: Network-based AMR analysis identifies discrete hub genes and critical inter-species HGT axes that are obscured by species-centric approaches. The E. coli–S. enterica axis warrants priority One Health surveillance, and efflux pump inhibition combined with novel-binding-mode topoisomerase inhibitor development represents a network-informed therapeutic strategy with broad cross-pathogen applicability. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; co-resistance network; horizontal gene transfer; foodborne pathogens; drug target prioritisation; One Health; multi-drug resistance; network biology
In Silico Elucidation of Direct Versus Indirect Pesticide Inhibition of Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms: A Genome Vulnerability and Network Exposure Analysis
Ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs) — comprising ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) — catalyse the rate-limiting first step of nitrification and are the most consistently affected soil microbial indicators of pesticide exposure, as established by the landmark meta-analysis of Swaine et al. (2025). Despite this empirical foundation, the mechanistic basis of differential AOM sensitivity — whether inhibition operates via direct genomic targeting of AOM metabolic machinery or through indirect, network-mediated pathways — has remained unresolved. This study addresses that gap through a three-module, fully in silico computational pipeline applied to ten environmentally relevant pesticides across eight AOM genomes. Module 1 employed protein BLAST and profile Hidden Markov Model (HMM) analysis to quantify sequence-level similarity between pesticide target genes and AOM genomic content, yielding composite homology scores across four Nitrososphaera (AOA) and four Nitrosomonas (AOB) genomes. Module 2 integrated homology data with KEGG pathway essentiality weighting and predicted binding affinity corrections to compute a Genome Vulnerability Score (GVS; range 0–1) reflecting direct inhibition potential. Module 3 constructed a soil co-occurrence network from SparCC-derived correlations in tebuconazole-treated soil, enabling calculation of an Indirect Exposure Score (IES) representing network-propagated inhibitory pressure on AOM. Integration of GVS and IES into a Combined Risk Score (CRS) and a mechanistic classification framework identified twenty high-priority pesticide × AOM combinations. The highest-risk pairings were glyphosate–AOB (CRS = 0.830; dual direct and indirect mechanisms) and tebuconazole–AOB (CRS = 0.771; dual mechanisms). Critically, tebuconazole–AOA exhibited the maximum dataset IES value (1.000) paired with a low GVS (0.219), providing the first quantitative computational evidence that tebuconazole inhibits archaeal ammonia oxidation via indirect, network-mediated pathways rather than direct genomic binding — thereby resolving the central mechanistic paradox identified in Swaine et al. (2025). Trifloxystrobin was identified as a potential direct AOA inhibitor (GVS_norm = 0.69), while insecticides generated near-zero scores across all AOM combinations. Regulatory implications include mandatory amoA qPCR monitoring and PECsoil re-evaluation for compounds with CRS > 0.55.
ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms; Genome Vulnerability Score; Indirect Exposure Score; tebuconazole; soil co-occurrence networks; pesticide ecotoxicology; nitrification inhibition
Integrating Sustainability into Rural Innovations: A Review of Environmental and Economic Perspectives in Eastern India
The purpose of this research study is to investigate the junction between rural innovations and sustainability, with a particular emphasis on the socio-economic and environmental settings of Eastern India. The major purpose is to conduct an analysis of the difficulties and possibilities that are connected with expanding rural innovations while simultaneously ensuring that these advances are in line with sustainability objectives. The technique utilised in this work is a review-based approach, and it relies solely on secondary data sources. These sources include journal articles, policy papers, and examples of case studies. A full assessment of the existing body of information and evidence may be carried out using this tec hnique, which eliminates the logistical and cost restrictions that are associated with primary data collecting.The most important findings highlight the transformational potential of rural innovations in terms of resolving resource restrictions and supporting sustainable development. The development of frugal innovations, which are intended to maximise value while consuming the least amount of resources possible, has emerged as an essential strategy for improving accessibility and affordability. The report addresses a number of obstacles, including, but not limited to, infrastructural deficiencies, limited awareness, and legislative inadequacies, while highlighting the environmental benefits of renewable energy solutions, organic farming techniques, and water conservation technology. It was determined that economic viability and inclusiveness are two of the most important aspects that influence the acceptance and scalability of innovations, particularly among individuals and groups who are marginalised. The study highlights the significance of collaboration among many stakeholders, such as governments, NGOs, commercial companies, and local people, in creating sustainable ecosystems for innovations in rural areas. Among the practical suggestions are the following: using participatory methods to guarantee equal access; prioritising quality control throughout scaling; and integrating sustainability indicators into innovation strategy. By providing practical advice to those in positions of power, this article adds to the expanding body of literature on sustainable rural development. Analysing long-term effects, merging historic knowledge systems with contemporary advances, and investigating digital tools for scaling are all areas that might need more investigation in the future.
Rural Innovations, Sustainability, Frugal Innovations, Environmental Impact, Economic Viability, Eastern India
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Comparative Study of Career Preference among Graduates
Who we are today solely depends on the choices we made in the past. Regarding our careers, what we pursue in our professional lives is the outcome of the decisions/preferences we made previously. This research examines the career choices of graduates in science, arts, and commerce. Multistage sampling was employed to choose 150 graduates from both aided and Self-Financing Colleges in Meerut City. The instrument employed for data gathering was the “Career Preference Choice Record” created by Prof. Arun Kumar and Dr. Jitendra Singh Goyal. Mean (M), Standard Deviation (SD), and Critical Ratio (CR) were utilized for analyzing and interpreting the aims and the hypotheses. The outcome indicates a distinction in career choices among graduates of science compared to those of arts, as well as between science and commerce graduates. Additional findings indicate that there is no distinction in career choices between graduates of commerce and those of arts.
Career Choice, Graduates, Multistage Sampling, Statistical Analysis, Stream Differences
Integration of Information and Communication Technology in 21st Century Classroom Teaching
The 21st century has witnessed a revolutionary transformation in the field of education, primarily driven by the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). ICT has not only reshaped traditional teaching methodologies but has also expanded the boundaries of learning beyond classrooms. This research article explores the multifaceted role of ICT in modern classroom teaching, focusing on its impact on pedagogy, student engagement, accessibility, teacher roles, and educational outcomes. The study also examines challenges, opportunities, and future prospects of ICT in education, especially in the context of developing countries like India. The findings suggest that ICT is a powerful tool that enhances teaching-learning processes when effectively implemented.
ICT, Classroom Teaching, Student Engagement, Digital Learning, Educational Outcomes
Lifelong Learning Skills Among Teachers in the 21st Century
Lifelong learning and educational reform are crucial issues in the 21st Century, shaping curricula, teacher training, and learning strategies. Their interconnectedness is highlighted by societal visions and policies aimed at enhancing quality of life through human resource development. Lifelong learning outcomes must address environmental and socio-economic challenges, improving overall life quality. Global acceptance of lifelong learning underscores the need for skills that enable continuous education beyond formal schooling. Institutions should recognize the qualities necessary for lifelong learning when removing entry barriers. Educational bodies must foster attitudes essential for lifelong learning, emphasizing skills that promote ongoing development. These skills encompass continuous learning, eliminating obstacles, and understanding what, when, and where to learn. Lifelong learning skills closely align with self-directed, independent, and competency-based education, adapting to educational goals. For students, the essence of these skills lies in planning, monitoring, and assessing their learning. Educators, too, should perpetually refine their lifelong learning skills throughout their careers.
Lifelong learning, educational reform, learning strategies, Educational bodies.
The Teacher's Role in Addressing Mental Health Issues of Students
Tremendous gains in understanding mental health among young people have occurred over the past decade, yet it remains a high policy priority. Schools are identified as crucial for interventions to support mental well-being. However, the intended promotion of mental health in schools has not resulted in significant changes in many countries. It is often sidelined, with limited policy and practical guidance available for schools. Moreover, insufficient professional development and training hinder efforts to identify and improve student mental health effectively. Various resilience-based frameworks, such as the 10 Key Competencies to Survive and Thrive and the Four Attitudes of the Stress Interview, have been created to assist educators. Despite this, sustained attention to mental health in schools is lacking, leaving many teachers unsure about how to integrate it into the curriculum or school initiatives. (O’Reilly et al., 2018) (Shelemy et al., 2019) Keywords: Mental health, educators, health education.
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF TEACHERS
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) incorporates sustainability into curricula, equipping students with essential knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes to tackle societal challenges. Teachers are pivotal in this process, acting as key agents for ESD implementation. Examining teachers' access to professional development that enhances sustainability-oriented competencies is crucial. This study explored ESD implementation globally, focusing on teachers’ experiences and the competencies required. A literature review identified seven broad competencies for educators: knowledge and understanding, critical thinking, pedagogy and assessment, curriculum, school leadership, collaboration, and advocacy. Additionally, the study analyzed barriers and enablers affecting teachers' transformative roles. Insights revealed the significance of supportive pedagogical frameworks, clear policy directions, and continuous professional collaboration across educational sectors. (Catherine Jaspar, 2009) Keywords: Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), knowledge, skills, values, professional development.
Continuous Professional Development of Teachers: A Policy Perspective
Continuous Professional Development (CPD) for teachers should be a policy-driven, evidence-based approach that enhances educational quality by linking to student outcomes, equity, and sustainability. CPD is defined as any activity that develops skills and knowledge relevant to a professional’s duties. In education, it encompasses both formal and informal learning, involving various activities with different durations, purposes, and impacts. Evidence shows that teachers benefit from deepening their Subject Content Knowledge (SCK), enhancing pedagogical skills, and improving technology use. Nonetheless, many countries face challenges like limited time, funding, and guidance for effective CPD. (Nooruddin & Bhamani, 2019). Keywords: Continuous Professional Development, educational quality, technology, Subject Content Knowledge (SCK).
Activity Based Costing in Manufacturing Facilities and Electrical Power Distribution Systems Equipment Manufacturing
Manufacturing processes are critical to the success of the nation’s economy. Due to availability of raw materials and labour in certain economies lead to large scale establishment of manufacturing facilities. Depending on global supply chain, many industries procure raw materials from a broader geography. One such example is petroleum industry the relies on cross-country pipelines for inflow of crude for refining and marketing purposes. The project managers must take care of the internal decision by proper use of the accounting figures available with the internal environment. Especially in a large manufacturing unit with low and high-volume products and services are delivered the accounting of the overhead costs incurred needs to be allocated so that an optimal pricing decision is made. Traditional costing allows undifferentiated allocation of the overheads to all types of the products irrespective of the volume. However, the activity-based costing has a greater significance when a literature review was performed to study the advantages of activity-based costing (ABC) and its success. Later on, a comparison of two hypothetical products “X” and “Y” distinguished based on the volume was performed against following the traditional methodology and activity-based methodology to understand how it would impact the pricing strategy been followed. The steps followed in the ABC were enumerated and presented in a manner to be able to understand by a person with non-business background. A general analysis has provided an insight in application of ABC for the management in taking the right decisions for the betterment of the company. In electrical power systems industry there are many equipment manufactured. The majority of them comprises of copper and aluminium conductors. The respective manufacturing facilities require attaining high energy efficiency, optimized processes, leverage of new technologies at the same time allocate the appropriate pricing strategy to promote both company profits and recover costs for research and innovations. Keywords: manufacturing; project accounting; electrical equipment manufacturing.
Attitude of Pupil Teacher's Regarding the Inclusive Education of Students with Visual and Hearing Impairment
Inclusive education significantly enhances opportunities for students to engage in collaborative learning. Through inclusive education students can develop a positive attitude and behavioral disposition towards learning alongside their peer, specifically those who are below average in academic performance or differently abled. This is crucial because the attitude of their differently able peer group exert a substantial influence on their own educational experience. Similarly, it is absolutely essential to assess the attitudes towards differently abled individuals held by those students who intend to pursue a career in teaching. This study tries to explore the attitude of pupil teacher's regarding the inclusive education of students with visual and hearing Impairment. In this study researcher uses descriptive survey method to assess the attitude of pupil teachers towards inclusive education of students with visual and hearing Impairment. For this study, those students who are taking training in the B.Ed. course before aspiring for the teaching profession in West Bengal are the population of the researcher. For fulfill the objectives total 120 B.Ed. students were selected by the researcher as a sample of the study through purposive sampling technique. For this study, the researcher had prepared a self-made questionnaire of 20 items, namely “Scale on Attitude of pupil teacher’s” to collect the requisite data related to attitude of pupil teachers towards inclusive education of students with visual and hearing Impairment. The present study revealed that gender and locality wise pupil teachers have some significant different attitude regarding the inclusive education of student with visual impairment. Also, this study revealed that educand teachers have not significantly attitudinal differences regarding the inclusive education of student with hearing impairment based on their gender and habitat. Also, this study found that there is no significant relationship between gender wise pupil teachers’ attitude regarding the inclusive education of student with visual and hearing impairment.
Transfer Learning-Based Deep Learning Framework for Medicinal Plant Leaf Analysis and Disease Detection
Medicinal plants play a significant role in both conventional and modern medical procedures, it is imperative that their leaves be accurately observed. Examining medicinal plant leaves by hand is time-consuming and prone to human error, especially when trying to spot early signs of illness. This research suggests using a transfer learning-based deep learning approach based on a pre-trained ResNet50 model to analyze photos of medicinal plant leaves in order to solve this issue. The experimental evaluation of this work was conducted using a standard dataset of leaf images from medicinal plants. Three classes representing healthy leaves and two main illness states were created from the dataset. All the images were scaled prior to the application of any preprocessing technique like data augmentation and normalization. The final classification layers were used to train the classification layers for a three-class classification problem with the convolutional part of the pre-trained ResNet50 network. The transfer learning approach based on feature extraction can prevent overfitting and improve the efficiency of learning for datasets of moderate sizes. Experimental findings demonstrate that the developed framework effectively captures meaningful feature representations and achieves reliable classification performance for medicinal plant analysis. The work has verified that the transfer learning approach using ResNet50 is a robust and efficient method for the automatic medicinal plant leaf monitoring and intelligent plant health evaluation.
Transfer Learning, Medicinal Plant, Feature Extraction, RestNet50, Leaf Image Analysis