International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology
International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology is an International Open Access, Peer-reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Online Journal that aims to facilitate the dissemination of high-quality scientific research across various fields of modern science and technology. With a commitment to fostering innovation and advancing knowledge, the journal provides a platform for researchers, scholars, and scientists to share their findings and insights with the global scientific community. ISSN: 2583-7605 (Online) Subject Category: Multidisciplinary Journal Type: International Open Access, Peer-reviewed, Refereed Journal Issue Frequency: Monthly Criteria for Manuscript Submitted manuscripts must be Plagiarism free (Less than 10%). Submitted manuscripts must not contain more than 20% AI-generated content. Manuscript must be original and should not have been published previously anywhere. The writing must be clear, concise and unambiguous. The data should be valid. The discussions and conclusions drawn by the authors must be reasonable and supportable. The information must be relevant and interesting to area of research. For any query or submission, E-mail: editor@ijsrmst.com Mobile: 9415093911 (WhatsApp Only)
A STUDY ON INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES AND THEIR IMPACT ON STUDENT ENGAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION
This paper explores the revolutionary nature of new pedagogy in reinventing student engagements in the new environment of higher education. Since conventional didactic models are becoming more questionable due to their inability to satisfy the demands of a digitally-native and diverse student population, the study examines the transition to active learning models, such as the flipped classroom, gamification, and AI-driven personalized teaching. The article explores how these methodologies can provoke three key dimensions of engagement: behavioral, emotional, and cognitive by combining the existing theories of education with the empirical evidence. The results indicate that the adoption of high-impact practices, i.e. project-based learning, the use of immersive virtual simulations, etc., has a significant positive effect on retention rates and the development of critical competencies of the 21st century. The paper also mentions the implementation systemic issues, such as the faculty digital literacy and strong institutional support. The paper concludes by asserting that the shift to the innovative pedagogy is not only a technological update but the entire switch to the more inclusive, flexible, and student-centered academic ecosystem. Keywords: Pedagogical Innovation, Active Learning, Higher Education Reform, Student Engagement, Digital Transformation
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE IMPACT OF AI INTEGRATION ON STUDENT MOTIVATION IN CLASSROOM LEARNING
This paper focuses on the effects of the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on student motivation during classroom performance. As AI-powered learning devices like adaptive learning system, intelligent tutoring systems, and automated feedback systems are being more adopted, these tools have on the motivational levels of students has gained greater significance. The researchers examine the impact of AI integration on the essential areas of student motivation such as their engagement, interest, autonomy, and persistence in learning activities. The results show that AI-enhanced classroom learning has a positive effect on student motivation due to the improvement of personal learning experience, instant feedback system, and active engagement. The study notes the issues with the technological accessibility, teacher preparedness, and possible over-reliance on the AI tools. The researchers find that a positive and efficient integration of AI alongside pedagogical support can contribute essentially to the motivation of students and the overall learning outcomes of the classroom. Keywords: AI-powered, classroom learning, student motivation and pedagogical support.
Understanding Human Relationship: A Psychological Perspective
In the present day modern society human relationship has nosedived to its lowest ebb. Once the most sought after topic, now a days no one cares to discuss it. Human relation is an asset for any progressing and developing society. Modern day society has pushed this concept in the back and technological advancement coupled with new discoveries and inventions in the front. The question here arises as to why there is disturbance and conflict in the society inspite of its technological progress. The root cause here is to give weightage to the ignorance of human values. No society in this whole world can claim to be tension free. The main aim of selecting this topic is to find out the root causes and unearth the factors responsible for deforming this concept. Human relationship depends upon numerous factors out of which some are inhibiting in nature. A close look at the complete picture is helpful in examining the negative impact of modern day technological advancements on human relationships. The main focus here is to find out ways and means to bring to the fore degradation being experienced and efforts to bring about improvement in human relationships. In order to do so the foremost objective should be the in depth study of the society as a whole. Man to man relationship must be honest and without any self interest. All types of concern must be side lined in order to enjoy harmonious relationships. So many psychological aspects play an important role in determining human relationships. Keywords: Human relation, Asset, Society, Human values and Psychological aspects.
Early Childhood Care and Foundational Literacy in NEP 2020: A Pathway to Holistic Learning
ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to explore the importance of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) and Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) as part of India's National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the evaluation of these building blocks towards holistic learning of children whose age is between 3 to 8 years. The research aims to examine the extent to which NEP 2020 imagines a seamless transition from pre-primary to early primary education by means of use of play-based and experiential pedagogy and competency-driven pedagogy. It also seeks to identify some of the key challenges and opportunities for the policy's vision of equitable and quality early education in a country like India with diverse socio-economic and regional contexts. Methodology This study employs a qualitative, descriptive, and analytical research design, relying on secondary data and policy analysis. Primary sources include official policy documents such as the National Education Policy 2020, the National Curriculum Framework for Foundational Stage (NCF-FS) 2022, and reports from NIPUN Bharat Mission, NCERT, and UNICEF. Supplementary data were drawn from academic articles, government publications, and international frameworks on early childhood education. A thematic content analysis approach was adopted to examine core dimensions such as curriculum design, pedagogy, teacher training, inclusivity, and monitoring systems, enabling a critical understanding of both policy intent and practical implications. Results Findings suggest that the emphasis in NEP 2020 on ECCE and FLN is a transformative vision of education reform agenda in India. The reorganisation of the school structure into that of 5+3+3+4 recognises the importance of the early years as the foundation of a lifetime of learning. The policy encourages activity-based and child-centred learning experiences that encourage cognitive, emotional and social growth. However, the study notes the major barriers to implementation, which include poor teacher preparation, infrastructural gap, inconsistent quality among states and limited awareness among parents. Despite these challenges, there is evidence that well implemented ECCE programs can have a positive effect on literacy, numeracy and socioemotional skills that can really form a strong foundation for future academic success, and global development. Implications The research highlights several implications for policy, practice, and future research: Policy Implications: There is a need for continuous government investment in ECCE infrastructure, teacher education, and curriculum development aligned with NEP 2020’s vision. Policy coherence between the Ministry of Education, Women and Child Development, and local governance structures is crucial for effective coordination. Practical Implications: Teacher training programs must emphasize child psychology, play-based pedagogy, and inclusive classroom practices. Community participation and parental engagement should be strengthened to ensure learning continuity beyond classrooms. Research Implications: Further empirical studies are required to measure the long-term impact of ECCE and FLN interventions on student outcomes. Future research should focus on regional disparities, indigenous learning methods, and digital tools for early education.
National Education Policy 2020, Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE), Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN), Holistic Learning, Foundational Stage, Educational Reform India
Mapping the Intellectual Structure of Digital Consumer Behaviour Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
This study examines the intellectual structure and thematic evolution of digital consumer behaviour research through a bibliometric analysis. Bibliographic data comprising 1,000 research papers published between 2000 and 2024 were retrieved from the Crossref database using Publish or Perish software. VOSviewer was employed to conduct a term co-occurrence analysis based on titles and abstracts in order to identify dominant research themes and patterns. The findings reveal that digital consumer behaviour research is structured around key thematic clusters, including the influence of digital marketing and online advertising, the role of digital transformation accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological and emotional drivers of online purchasing, and trust- and society-based evaluative perspectives. The analysis further indicates a growing emphasis on health consciousness and changing consumption patterns in the post-COVID digital environment. By providing a systematic and comprehensive overview of existing research, this study contributes to a clearer understanding of major research directions and emerging themes in digital consumer behaviour, offering a useful foundation for future academic inquiry.
Digital Consumer Behaviour; Digital Marketing; Online Purchasing; Bibliometric Analysis; VOSviewer; Digital Transformation
Effects of Substances on the Fetus with Disabilities and Implications for Learning Outcomes
The increasing urgency surrounding the opioid epidemic and other substance-use dynamics necessitates focused attention on how prenatal substance exposure and accompanying fetal disabilities shape children’s learning trajectories. This analysis reveals that distinct cohorts of affected children can be identified based on the mix of substances and resulting disabilities, each associated with differential impacts across behavior, cognition, and academic achievement. Given the widespread implications for the population and the mounting demand for targeted initiatives in early-life learning, policymakers, researchers, and practitioners must concentrate efforts on these specific cohorts. To stimulate clarifying research, establishing formalized networks for sharing information, data sources, indicators, and instruments is recommended. Furthermore, fostering broader stakeholder coordination and reinforcing channels to influence general educational policy are essential steps for mobilizing relevant actors and addressing the complex links between prenatal exposure and learning outcomes systematically. Keywords: Prenatal Substance Exposure, Learning Trajectories, Fetal Disabilities, Cohort Identification, Educational Policy
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NATURAL DISASTERS ON REGIONAL RECOVERY
Natural calamities have increasingly become a very common event and a source of serious destruction, thus causing huge economic disruptions that are hard to measure and that will take a longer time than the physical destruction to be fully felt. This research investigates the issue of how varied natural calamities differ in their impact on the pattern of economic recovery in the region, depending on the geographical place where such changes are happening. The research team has access to the economic data for the years 2014 to 2024 and the data can include places that have been affected by earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and droughts, thus mapping the recovery paths, looking at impacts on different sectors, and finding out the factors that contribute to the resilience. They have applied a mixed-methods strategy that involves combining secondary economic indicators with primary survey data collected from around 280 businesses and 320 households in the impacted areas. The research results indicated that there are large differences in recovery periods caused by the type of disaster, the regional economic structure, and the capacity of institutions. The longest recovery periods are observed in case of earthquakes, which on average last 6 to 8 years, while the recovery in regions where floods occurred is fast but partial, taking place within 3 to 4 years. The researchers have pointed out the factors such as insurance penetration, infrastructure quality, government response effectiveness, and pre-disaster economic diversity, and have classified them as determinants of recovery speed and completeness. Among the factors, insurance penetration, infrastructure quality, government response effectiveness, and pre-disaster economic diversity are identified by the researchers as the main drivers of recovery speed and completeness of the affected region. Thus, these results are beneficial for disaster preparedness planning, as well as for the development of economic resilience strategies. Keywords: Natural disasters, economic recovery, regional resilience, disaster economics, business continuity, infrastructure damage, economic vulnerability
A Qualitative Inquiry into Pedagogical Styles and Teacher–Student Communication in Teacher Education Institutions of Meerut District
This qualitative study explores the interrelationship between pedagogical styles and teacher–student communication within teacher education institutions in Meerut District, Uttar Pradesh. The research investigates how various teaching approaches, shifting from traditional lecture methods to learner-centred and facilitative models, manifest through verbal, nonverbal, and written communication practices in B.Ed. classrooms. Using a phenomenological case study design, the study draws upon in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis to reveal how communication patterns shape student engagement, learning motivation, and perceptions of the classroom climate. The findings highlight three overarching themes: the authenticity of communication, the relational dimension of pedagogy, and communication’s role in fostering student agency. The study underscores that effective pedagogical practice is inseparable from the quality of communication and emotional resonance between teacher and learner. The paper concludes with recommendations for enhancing teacher education through reflective communication training, mentorship, and integration of relational pedagogy principles aligned with India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Keywords: Pedagogical styles, teacher–student communication, qualitative research, teacher education, classroom interaction, Meerut district
COST CONTROL AND COST REDUCTION TECHNIQUES IN PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISES: A CASE STUDY OF ITI RAE BARELI UNIT
The purpose of the research project named "Cost Control and Cost Reduction Techniques in Public Sector Enterprises: A Case Study of ITI Rae Bareli Unit" is to investigate the methods and procedures that were used by the Rae Bareli unit of the Indian Telephone Industries (ITI) in order to effectively control operational expenses and improve financial efficiency. The management of costs and the reduction of costs have become essential components of organisational sustainability, particularly in public sector enterprises (PSEs), in light of the growing competition, the progression of technology, and the demand to maintain profitability. This research investigates the current cost structure of ITI Rae Bareli, highlighting important cost drivers such as the acquisition of raw materials, the utilisation of labour, the manufacturing processes, and administrative expenditures. According to the findings of the study, there is a distinction between cost management, which is centred on adhering to pre-established standards and budgets, and cost reduction, which is aimed at obtaining lasting savings through better efficiency and innovation. The efficacy of the procedures that are currently being used for cost control is evaluated in this study by collecting data from financial records, conducting interviews with management staff, and analysing production reports. The report emphasises a number of methods that are utilised by the firm, including budgetary control, standard costing, variance analysis, and value engineering, as significant procedures. In addition, the research analyses the ways in which contemporary methods, such as lean manufacturing, process automation, and supply chain optimisation, might further improve cost efficiency. Despite the fact that ITI Rae Bareli has a comprehensive system of cost management in place, the findings show that there is great room for improvement in areas such as the reduction of waste, the utilisation of energy, and the modernisation of processes. After conducting the research, the researchers came to the conclusion that incorporating systematic cost reduction initiatives in conjunction with efficient cost management systems has the potential to significantly enhance the overall financial performance and competitiveness of public sector organisations. Keywords: Cost Control, Cost Reduction, Public Sector Enterprises, ITI Rae Bareli, Budgetary Control, Value Engineering, Efficiency, Financial Performance.
Design of an Attention Monitoring Virtual Classroom, With Retraction Mechanism for Students’ Active Participation
Using available intelligent virtual classroom systems in teaching a conventional Nigerian undergraduate program comes with a major challenge of managing and monitoring over populated students which gave rise to the development of the Interactive, Intelligent Virtual Classroom. Object-oriented analysis and design methodology (OOADM) was adopted for the study and five modules was developed to achieve the objectives of the design. An Artificial Intelligent model was trained to identify learners’ distraction using body posture, eye closure, mouth opening, and body presence. Captcha mechanism was used to confirm distraction while an automated phone call was used to retract distracted learners back to an ongoing class session. Chat GPT Large Language Model was used through its Application Programming Interface to reenforce learning, provide counselling and generate reports. A firebase real-time database was used to hold the data while a web application was developed for user interface. The system was able to identify distraction and recall learners back to class. It was also able to interact with the distracted learners to gather more information as to the cause of their distraction which it further used to provide informed counselling. Keywords: Attention Monitoring, Automated classroom phone-call, Intelligent Classroom, Learning Enforcement, Classroom Retraction, Virtual Classroom.
Role of Shwadanshtradi Taila in Mutraghata (BPH): A Clinical and Sonological Evaluation
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most commonly encountered conditions among elderly men, characterized by symptoms such as difficulty in urination, increased frequency, urgency, weak urinary stream, and intermittency. The clinical features of BPH closely resemble Vatashtheela, which is described by Acharya Sushruta as one of the twelve types of Mutraghata, a disorder marked by obstruction in the flow of urine due to a mass or enlargement near the bladder neck. This case report presents a 45-year-old male patient who complained of frequent urination, nocturia, and straining during micturition, and was diagnosed with BPH. After detailed case history and thorough clinical examination, Uttar Basti Therapy (UBT) was administered using Shwadanstradi Taila. The treatment showed notable improvement in both subjective and objective parameters. The therapy demonstrated encouraging results, fulfilling the need for an effective management approach for BPH, which otherwise significantly affects the quality of life and contributes to a considerable socioeconomic burden on the healthcare system. Keywords: Cost Control, Cost Reduction, Public Sector Enterprises, ITI Rae Bareli, Budgetary Control, Value Engineering, Efficiency, Financial Performance.
INTEGRATED TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMME (ITEP): THE PARADIGM SHIFT OF TEACHER EDUCATION IN INDIA
Education can be considered as a cornerstone of a progressive nation. It empowers people with knowledge, values and skills that contribute meaningfully towards the growth of a country and teachers are it’s the guiding force. Teachers stand as one of the most essential component of education. Education has shifted from conventional way of teaching to technology-enhanced learning to make learning more accessible and interactive and for ensuring it, a dynamic teacher education programme is crucial. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 acknowledges teachers as prime element of quality education and places strong emphasis on teacher education programme. It recommended a four year Integrated Teacher Education Programme (ITEP) to ensure professionally skilled and well-qualified. The Integrated Teacher Education Programme (ITEP) is a four year under graduate programme that prepares teachers for both primary and secondary levels. In a single programme, it ingrates practical training, pedagogy and disciplinary knowledge and provides a holistic training to teacher trainees. The researcher triers to explore the potential opportunities and future prospects of ITEP in redefining teacher education in India and identifies major issues related to it and also provides some suggestive measures regarding it. The researcher has used exploratory approach to collect information from different articles and government documents sourced from various journals and books.
ITEP, Paradigm-Shift, Teacher Education, NEP2020, Pedagogical practice
Data Privacy while using Social Media Platforms
Social Media platform is one of the needs of everyone in today's 2025 digital world. Different social media platforms are available and the number of users are very large on all sites. This indicates that privacy issues are also more when users increase and sensitive information is transferred. This study explains about the Digital ecosystem and types of data, data collection, Data ripple effect and data brokers mainly. Social Media platforms work starts with Data collection and ends with ripple effect and Privacy. Security threats need to be identified and to create awareness about privacy. Study focuses on privacy toolkit, different platforms privacy settings. Recommendation to users, regulators and social media platforms. Keywords: Social Networking Sites (SNS), Data Privacy, Privacy toolkit, Data Collection, Advertising, Digital footprints.
A SMART MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATED VOICE REMINDER AGAINST ITEMS MISPLACEMENT IN A PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Hypoxia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of oxygen in the body or a specific organ or tissue, leading to Misplacing invaluable items like phones, wallets, office keys, etc in a public transport is a hurting experience. Most times, passengers misplace or forget their precious items while alighting from a bus. In most cases, other passengers would pick those items and go away with them. Most times the drivers of such vehicles no nothing about the incident but gets to know after the act is over. This is very hurting and most time not easy to bear the loss. Currently in our public transports in Ebonyi State, there is no system installed in a public transport that reminds the passengers to ensure they pick up their items before leaving the bus. Therefore, this work proposes a smart microcontroller based automated voice reminder against mobile phone misplacement in a bus. The system is made up of a touch sensor which is mounted next to each passenger. The passenger will place his hand on the touch sensor once he is seated. As long as he places his hand on that sensor, the microcontroller receives signal to maintain the off state of the voice module. But once the passenger wants to leave the bus and eventually removes his hand from the sensor, the microcontroller receives the signal to turn on the voice module to play a recorded voice. By this, the passenger is reminded to pick up his items. Object Oriented Programming (OOP) method has been adopted in the implementation of this system as it ensures post-maintenance easiness.
Smart Microcontroller; Automated Voice Reminder; Touch Sensor; Public Vehicle; Neural Network
Youth Mental Health in the Digital Era: Analysing Challenges, Risk Factors, and Preventive Approaches
In the rapidly evolving digital era, youth mental health has emerged as a critical concern shaped by technological integration, social media exposure, and changing patterns of interpersonal relationships. The digital environment offers both opportunities for social connection and risks of psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, and reduced self-esteem. This study examines the multifaceted challenges faced by youth in navigating online spaces, analyses the psychosocial and behavioural risk factors associated with excessive digital engagement, and explores preventive strategies rooted in psychological, educational, and cultural frameworks. Drawing upon contemporary psychological theories and the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) perspective, the paper highlights the importance of digital literacy, mindfulness, and community-based support systems as essential components of preventive mental health strategies. The findings suggest that a balanced approach—integrating self-regulation, ethical media use, and emotional intelligence—can foster resilience and holistic wellbeing among youth.
Youth Mental Health; Digital Era; Social Media; Risk Factors; Wellbeing; Preventive Strategies; Psychological Resilience; Indian Knowledge System; Emotional Intelligence; Mindfulness; Digital Literacy; Online Behaviour; Depression.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A REVIEW OF NEONATAL HYPOXIC ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY A NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER
Hypoxia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of oxygen in the body or a specific organ or tissue, leading to various physiological and pathological effects. HIE is particularly common in newborns, known as Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (NHIE). Intrapartum hypoxic events are a major contributor to neonatal mortality, accounting for approximately one in five neonatal deaths worldwide, with an estimated 717,000 deaths in recent decades. Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of long-term neurological disability in neonates and adults due to inadequate blood and oxygen supply to the brain. Several factors like perinatal hypoxia, hemodynamics, poor perfusion rate, placental abnormalities, labour and multiple organ dysfunctions are included in the development of disorder. Understanding the underlying brain damage mechanisms is crucial for early detection and development of effective treatment strategies for high - risk patients. This review begins by discussing HIE, emphaisaising the broad array of other causes for neonatal encephalopathy, the epidemiology, neurologic presentations, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies for HIE. Keywords: Hypoxia, Neonatal, Encephalopathy, Neurological ischemia
AI and Inclusive Education: Opportunities and Challenges
Artificial intelligence (AI), seen as a technology with the ability to perform complex tasks similar to the human brain, is emerging as a transformative tool in the field of education. It has opened new doors for learning and is making digital learning more comprehensive and excellent. AI is seen as having the potential to make learning more accessible and effective and to make it more inclusive by overcoming various learning barriers. Inclusive education, which provides equal educational opportunities to students regardless of their socio-economic status, language abilities, or disabilities, can be made more effective and widespread through AI. In inclusive education, AI helps make education more student-centric, removes various learning barriers such as language barriers, and provides adequate support to meet the needs of students with disabilities. This ensures that all students can receive a quality education. However, while AI is significantly impacting inclusive education, some challenges remain, such as students' insufficient access to digital facilities, a lack of basic infrastructure, inadequate teacher training, and concerns related to ethics and privacy. This research paper examines the role and opportunities of AI in education to make it more inclusive. It also identifies and investigates the challenges facing AI in inclusive education. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Inclusive Education, Children with disability, Personalized Learning, Linguistic Diversity, Assistive Technology
Impact of Temperature Variations on the Efficiency and Longevity of Photovoltaic Cells
Working with solar panels over the years, I've noticed something that surprises a lot of people - hotter isn't better when it comes to electricity generation. This study digs into why temperature changes mess up solar panel performance and what that means for how long they actually last. I've spent considerable time going through research from 2019 to 2024, looking at what happens when panels get really hot or go through big temperature swings. The data tells a pretty consistent story: silicon-based panels lose roughly 0.4-0.5% efficiency for each degree above their comfort zone. Doesn't sound like much until you multiply that across thousands of panels. Here's what caught my attention - different panel types handle heat stress in totally different ways. The standard crystalline silicon panels (which most people have on their roofs) actually struggle more with high temperatures than some newer thin-film technologies. Once you hit operating temperatures around 65°C, things start going downhill fast in terms of long-term durability. But there's hope. Good thermal management can actually add 15-20% to a panel's useful life. That's real money when you're talking about solar investments. This paper combines field measurements, lab testing, and actual performance data to help folks make better decisions about managing heat in solar installations. Keywords: photovoltaic cells, temperature coefficient, thermal degradation, solar efficiency, module longevity, crystalline silicon, thermal management
Advances in the Synthesis and Pharmacological Applications of Heterocyclic Scaffolds: Benzoxepine and Benzothiepine Derivatives
Paul Cagniant first reported the synthesis of benzoxepine which was named as homochroman 1.1 Since then a large number of substituted benzoxepine derivatives were prepared by various synthetic routes, the significant being (i) By rearrangement of anisylidine flavone epoxides;2 (ii) From dihydrobenzofuran-3-one;3 (iii) By PARHAM Cyclialkylation;4,5 (iv) From aryl oxazolines;6 (v) By ring closure of Isoprenyl terminal epoxides;7 Homochroman (1-Benzoxepine and 1-Benzothiepine) (vi) By photocycloaddition of Benzo[b]furan derivatives to alkenes;8 and several other synthetic routes not being employed in common practice. The thia analog is known as benzothiepine 1a. A review on Benzoxepines has described the synthetic routes reported in literature till 1990.9,10 The present review describes the synthetic routes, reactions, the naturally occurring 1-Benzoxepines, its derivatives and their pharmacological significance. Keywords: Benzoxepine and Benzothiepine, synthetic routes, reactions, pharmacological significance.
Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Exploring Reactive Carbocations in Aqueous Microdroplets
Recent advancements in the study of reactive carbocations have unveiled their intriguing behavior in aqueous microdroplets, challenging traditional notions of stability and reactivity. We present a comprehensive investigation into the formation, detection, and reactivity of various carbocation intermediates within water microdroplets
Rethinking the Evolution of Ageing: From Mutation Accumulation to Social Transfers and Negligible Senescence
The theory of aging explains why death becomes more common as individuals grow older. It suggests that as we age, the remaining years available for repro- duction decrease, making our survival less important for passing on our genes. However, with recent developments, it has been observed that general theories do not adequately account for the lives of social animals. Successful reproduction in these animals involves not only having children but also providing support to them and other younger individuals. Over time, several theories have been devel- oped to combine the effects of fertility and support in determining mortality at different ages. For species that strike the right balance between producing many offspring and investing in each one, the factor of support becomes more influen- tial in mortality. By integrating transfers with fertility-based selection, a formal theory has been developed that aligns with data and applies to understanding life histories and population dynamics. This review also highlights how social insects do not conform to classical theories of aging and emphasizes the need to consider recent models of aging theories that address this limitation.
Evolution of Ageing Social Insects, Longevity, Intergenerational Transfers
Analysis of Soret and Dufour Effects on Buoyancy driven MHD Heat Mass Transfer Couette Flow under the Influence of Ramped and Isothermal Temperature settings
This analysis investigates the impact of soret and dufour on MHD heat and mass transfer coquette flow considering the ramped and isothermal conditions due to contributory effects of buoyancy. The analysis has been able to change the governing partial differential equations and their initial and boundary conditions into dimensionless form using the appropriate dimensional variables. Finite element method was employed in finding the solution of dimensionless partial differential equations subject to their initial and boundary conditions. The results from the finding indicates that, velocity profile is enhanced due to the rise in Eckert number (Ec), Buoayancy parameter (rt ), Dufour number (Df), Solutal Grashof number (Gc), Thermal grashof number (Gr) and Radiation parameter (R) while opposite trends is observed with rise in Jeffery fluid parameter (β). The fluid temperature upsurges due to intensification of Gr , rt , R, Df and Ec and shrinks with increase in Prandtl number (Pr). On the other hand there is declining in concentration profile as Schmidt number (Sc) and chemical reaction parameter ( Kr) increases, while opposite behavior is seen with Soret number (Sr). Additionally, There is slight boost on skin friction (τ) as rt and gets increased. Conversely, Nusselt number (Nu) get lowered as Df increases. Also, Nu and Sherwood number (Sh) enlarges as rt increases. Furthermore , τ. Sh and Nu gets reduces slightly due to rise in Sr . Finally, the overall results are in complete agreement with the existing literature thereby validating the accuracy and reliability of the present study. Keywords: Dufour, Buoyancy, Soret, Ramped Temperature, Isothermal Temperature
Dufour, Buoyancy, Soret, Ramped Temperature, Isothermal Temperature
Applications of Data Science and Analytics in Modern Industries
This paper explores the applications of Data Science and Analytics in modern industries, highlighting their role in decision-making, process optimization, and predictive modeling. We present an overview of methodologies such as machine learning, big data processing, and visualization, followed by case studies across healthcare, finance, and retail. Results demonstrate the transformative impact of data-driven decision making, while also addressing challenges such as data privacy and ethical considerations. The study concludes with future prospects of analytics in AI-driven systems. Additionally, the study highlights measurable impacts such as cost reduction in manufacturing, improved patient outcomes in healthcare, fraud minimization in finance, and enhanced supply chain resilience in retail. The integration of generative AI, automation, and real-time data streaming is anticipated to further accelerate industrial innovation. Emerging domains like smart cities, personalized education, and climate analytics are also positioned to benefit significantly from advanced data science approaches. Keywords: Data Science, Analytics, Machine Learning, Big Data, Predictive Modeling, Visualization
PERSPECTIVES OF TELEMEDICINE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF TELEMEDICINE SERVICES IN EBONYI STATE
Telemedicine is the act of making available medical care remotely via the utilization of information technology and telecommunications such as remote monitoring, electronic transmission of medical records and video consultations. This term Telemedicine is mostly vital technology that makes it very easy for people to access preventive treatment and equally help their chronic health conditions. Especially for those who are having financial or regional causes that prevent them from receiving quality treatment. Therefore, this work presents the assessment of the level of awareness, knowledge and equally the perception of telemedicine services in Ebonyi State. The researcher carried out a cross-sectional study among the general public, physicians and some patients in different clinics or medical centres in Ebonyi State. A structured, self- administered online and hardcopy questionnaires were distributed. 342 responses were retrieved amongst diverse distribution of genders, occupations, ages, and frequencies of using technology daily, accessibility of electricity and stable internet connection. The SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 23 was utilized for the analysis of the data. Validation of the questionnaire was performed through calculation of Cronbach’s alpha test for the consistency of the following item statements (i) Awareness and knowledge of telemedicine (0.738), (ii) Experience and use (0.799) (iii) Perceptions and beliefs (0.828), Kaiser- Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test for sampling adequacy (0.878) and Bartlett’s test of sphericity (<0.001). The frequencies of all the parameters in this study were expressed and means±standard deviation (SD). Independent sample t-test was equally used by the researcher to compare between means of different categories. The analysis revealed that 77.2% respondents revealed that they have not used Telemedicine services. This therefore entails that greater number of people living in Ebonyi State, do not use telemedicine service for remote healthcare delivery which implies that they are not enjoying the benefits associated with telemedicine services such as timely intervention, enhanced patient monitoring, no inconveniences due to long wait times, no missed appointments etc. I therefore recommend that training, meetings, and orientation programs should be organized for the healthcare personnel, general population, and information technologists to equip the people of Ebonyians with the knowledge of telemedicine which will enhance their method of receiving medical attention. Keywords: Telemedicine, Store-and-forward, remote monitoring, Telecommunication, Telehealth
Dynamic Equipment Prioritization and Automated Three-Phase Power Switching Using IoT and Machine Learning in Critical Infrastructure
Reliable power supply is critical in hospitals, industrial plants, and data centers, where outages can result in life-threatening or costly disruptions. Most existing automatic transfer switch (ATS) systems rely on fixed rule-based logic, lacking predictive intelligence or equipment prioritization. This study proposes an IoT-enabled, machine learning–driven framework for dynamic equipment prioritization and automated three-phase power switching. Real-time data—including voltage, current, temperature, and vibration—are captured through IoT sensors and analyzed using Decision Trees, Random Forests, and Neural Networks to predict faults and assess equipment criticality. A modular object-oriented architecture allows easy integration of new data sources and algorithms, ensuring scalability. The decision engine allocates power from grid, generator, and solar sources based on equipment priority scores and live load conditions, guaranteeing uninterrupted supply to mission-critical assets. Experimental validation in healthcare and industrial testbeds achieved 98% accuracy in prioritization, 100% correctness in switching, and reduced downtime by 40% compared with conventional ATS systems. The proposed approach advances resilient power management by coupling predictive maintenance with context-aware switching, improving reliability, efficiency, and operational safety in mission-critical environments.
Intelligent IoT Framework for Power Management and Predictive Maintenance in Critical Infrastructure
Reliable power supply is essential in critical environments such as hospitals and industrial facilities, where outages can pose severe risks. This study presents an IoT-enabled intelligent framework for automated power management and predictive maintenance. The system integrates IoT sensors to monitor voltage, current, temperature, and vibration in real time, while machine learning algorithms (Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Neural Networks) analyze the data to predict equipment failures and optimize resource allocation. The framework also ensures seamless switching between power sources (mains, generators, and solar), guaranteeing uninterrupted supply to critical equipment. Experimental results demonstrate a 25% improvement in equipment uptime and a 30% reduction in energy costs compared to conventional systems. This scalable and reliable solution enhances operational resilience, reduces maintenance costs, and strengthens power management in critical infrastructure. Keywords: IoT, Power Management, Machine Learning, Predictive Maintenance, Critical Infrastructure
PERCEPTIVE OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: AN EXPLANATORY STUDY
The present study analyzes the perception of headmasters of special schools on assistive technologies in inclusive education in Odisha. Inclusive education is a global priority, ensuring that learners with diverse abilities receive equitable opportunities in mainstream classrooms. Assistive technologies play a key role by removing learning barriers, enhancing accessibility, and fostering independent participation of students with disabilities. This explanatory study examined the perspectives of 50 headmasters from 50 schools across Boudh and Sonepur districts of Odisha. A mixed-method approach was used to assess how assistive technologies are integrated into teaching-learning processes. Findings show that headmasters of the schools noted greater confidence and independence in their children, though concerns about cost, availability, and lack of technical expertise were common. Teachers emphasized that effective use of assistive technologies requires training, institutional support, and policy-level commitment. The study concludes that assistive technologies can significantly strengthen inclusive education, provided there is sustained investment, collaboration between educators and parents, and continuous professional development. The insights generated add to the discourse on equity and innovation in education, offering practical recommendations for policymakers, schools, and stakeholders aiming to build more accessible and inclusive learning environments. Keywords: Assistive technologies, inclusive education, headmasters.
Application of Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment
Nanoparticles and nano composites have attracted researchers in recent years as they have shown feasible potential in water purification. Agricultural runoff, industrial wastewater, hydrothermal activities and many more activities are responsible for release of many pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes in the water bodies which causes severe diseases like muscle impair, kidney failure, cancer in skin, lungs and bladder. Nanocomposites are multi-phase solid materials made-up of two or more nano materials have shown effective characteristic in adsorption of heavy metals. In this paper preparation of Urea formaldahyde resin encapsulated with copper and reduction of arsenic through the resin in arsenic water have been discussed. Keywords: Nanomaterial, Wastewater, Heavy metal, Arsenic, Adsorption
A Comprehensive Review of Design and Evaluation of a Breath-Actuated Inhaler for Technosphere Insulin: Enhancing Glycemic Control
The development of inhalable insulin represents a significant advancement in diabetes management, offering a non-invasive, needle-free alternative to traditional subcutaneous insulin injections. This innovative approach utilizes dry insulin powder administered through a novel inhaler device designed for oral delivery. The primary goal during the development phase is to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and long-term stability of this method while ensuring no contamination occurs during use. Inhallable insulin demonstrates rapid action, making it particularly effective for glycemic control compared to conventional injection-based techniques. Key aspects of this development include optimizing the formulation of dry insulin powder for efficient pulmonary absorption, designing user-friendly inhalers, and conducting rigorous clinical trials to assess its performance in terms of glycemic management, patient acceptability, and potential adverse effects. Additionally, addressing challenges such as insulin antibody formation, pulmonary safety concerns (e.g., risk of cough or reduced lung function), and ensuring consistent dosing are crucial for its widespread adoption. By providing a convenient and less burdensome option for insulin administration, inhaled insulin has the potential to improve adherence and overall quality of life for patients with diabetes. Keywords: Inhalable insulin, diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, non-invasive insulin delivery, patient satisfaction, cartridges, afrezza powder and exubera powder.
A Study on the Use of Social Media Platforms among Gen-Z
Social media plays a significant role that influences perceptions and attitudes, helps in shaping identity, as well as affects the well-being of individuals. It is a digital application and tool that provides users to produce and distribute user-generated content, facilitates interaction, and uses suitable mediums to share or disseminate ideas, information, and thoughts by connecting with others by building virtual networks and communities. Gen-Z is the first generation to emerge and develop in a virtually connected world. The continuous engagement of Gen-Z in social media for information, to interact with others, and express themselves in the online social sites has become so familiar that it has now become part of the only reality they know. This study aims to find the usage and the most preferred social media platforms, and the purpose for which these platforms are used mostly among Gen-Z. A descriptive survey method was used for this study. The samples were chosen randomly, which consisted of N=120 Gen-Z participants, which comprised males n=60, 50% and females n=60, 50%. Results indicated that the most dominant platforms were Instagram and YouTube among Gen -Z, with high responses on duration of engagement, Facebook and Snapchat had moderate responses, whereas platforms such as X, LinkedIn, and Reddit had fewer responses. Instagram emerges as the clear favourite social media platform, indicating the most preferred social media among Gen-Z. The findings showed that the majority have responded seeking news and information, and entertainment has reported the highest responses as the main purpose for which social media platforms are used mostly among Gen-Z. Thus, social media is an integral component in Gen-Z’s lives, but extreme social media use can have adverse effects in many ways, such as social media distraction, social media fatigue, and mental health conditions among Gen-Z users. Keywords: use of social media platforms, social media platforms, Gen-Z