Industrialization and Groundwater Quality in Alwar District, Rajasthan: A Spatial and Environmental Assessment

Abstract

Groundwater is a major source of domestic, agricultural and industrial water in the semi-arid region of Rajasthan. Rapid industrialization and urban expansion can place additional pressure on ground water quality. The present study assesses ground water-quality conditions in Alwar District, with particular emphasis on industrially influenced areas such as Neemrana, Behror and Tijara. Secondary information’s from the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), published research and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) drinking water criteria was examined. Parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, hardness, sulphate, chloride, nitrate, fluoride and selected metals were considered. Available evidence indicates spatial variation in ground water quality, with fluoride and nitrate exceeding desirable/permissible levels in several parts of the district. The findings emphasize the need for regular monitoring, improved industrial waste water management and integrated ground water resource planning.