HISTORY OF HUMAN IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNIQUES (ART)

Abstract

In 1970, Patrick Steptoe developed in vitro fertilisation to treat fallopian tube injury or obstruction in females who were infertile. This important development in embryo research has made it possible for a lot more people to become pregnant and as a consequence, their chances of becoming pregnant have considerably risen. In vitro fertilization occurs when sperm & eggs are fertilized outside the body; the term "in vitro" is derived from Latin word for "in glass." After the announcement in 1978 that the world's first test tube baby had been born in United Kingdom (UK), IVF has attracted the attention of the public worldwide, including India, which is a leading country in the field of assisted reproductive technology. Dr. Subhas Mukhopadhyay was a pioneer in the area of IVF in India and is credited for creating Durga or Kanupriya Agarwal, the first and second test tube babies ever born in India, 67 days after the birth of the first IVF child in the UK on October 3, 1978 in Kolkata. The globe now has access to a broad variety of assisted reproductive technologies, and IVF procedures have changed significantly since their inception. IVF and andrology laboratory technology and clinical procedures have advanced to the point that they have transformed into a medical treatment that is well organised, methodical, secure, easily accessible, and reasonably priced. As of today, more than 5 million babies as a result of IVF have been born. The embryo grading and association with successful outcome in women under assisted reproduction (ART). IVF & ART is a golden tool for infertile couple for achieving their desire of child and completing their family.